液体制剂(英文)详解.pptVIP

A solution is a homogenous one-phase system consisting of two or more components. →solvent + solute The solvent is that phase in which the dispersion occurs and the solute is that component which is dispersed as small molecules or ions in the solvent. Liquid preparations: the formulation prepared by dispersing drug substance in the appropriate solvents and used internally or externally. Attention: injections and extractions are not included in this chapter Classification of liquid preparations (I) According to dispersion system Homogeneous system: thermodynamic stable Low molecular solutions: solute 1 nm High molecular solutions: solute 1~100 nm Non-homogeneous system:unstable system Sol (lypophobic colloid): molecular aggregate (1~100 nm) Emulsion: 100 nm Suspensions: 500 nm Classification of liquid preparations (Ⅱ) According to administration route – oral: drops, syrups, emulsions, suspensions, mixture – External: ? Dermal: lotion, liniment ? For ENT (ears,nose,throat): nasal drops, auristillae ? For ophthalmic administration: eye drops, collyria ? For rectal, vaginal and urethral administration: enema, irrigations Advantages of liquid formulations A drug administered in the form of a solution is immediately available for absorption. Irritation is reduced by administration because of the immediate dilution of drugs by the gastric contents. Liquids are easier to swallow than solids and therefore particularly acceptable for pediatric and geriatric use. Especially suitable for oil drugs (emulsion) A broad administration route Disadvantages of liquid dosage form Chemical stability: hydrolysis, oxidation… Physical stability: emulsion, suspension Liquids are bulky and therefore inconvenient to transport and store. Solutions often provide suitable media for the growth of micro-organism and may therefore require the addition of a preservative. Quality control of liquid dosage forms Homogeneous formulations: should be clear solution. Non-homogeneous