纺织专业外语课件第三次课 ch3 Fiber Theory.ppt

平时测验共3次，占总成绩的30% 平时表现20%，构成平时成绩 期末考试占50% 词汇 30分 英译汉 15分 汉译英 15分 句子翻译（中译英）4*5=20分 段落翻译（英译中） 50分 C H A P T E R 3Fiber Theory Words list Key words全部 New words 2，3，5-18，22-27，30-34，37-38，40-51，53，54，56-61，63. Degree of Polymerization Polymerization The number of monomer units present in a polymer is referred to as the degree of polymerization (dp). The letter n in the formula for polyethylene indicates the number of monomers present in the polymer and represents the dp of the fiber. Materials formed from two monomers are referred to as dimers, and those with three units are trimers. Using the foregoing polyethylene example, when 550 ethylene units form the polymer, it has a dp of 560. Polymer Formation In the two polymers just described, like units, or monomers, were combined but the chemical mechanisms for forming the polymers were different. In the case of polyethylene （聚乙烯）, a reactive monomer and a catalyst are used to initiate a chemical chain reaction. This produces a fiber-forming polymer by the process of addition polymerization(加聚反应), in which monomers are combined to form polymers without the formation of another chemical. Acrylic and olefin polymers are formed by addition reactions. Other polymers are formed by the process of condensation polymerization（缩聚反应）. The formation of cellulose from glucose, which occurs in nature, may be thought of as a condensation reaction in which two glucose units are combined to form cellobiose（纤维二糖） and water. Chemical structure The polymer chains may bond together to form more rigid structures called crystallites(结晶). The chemical mechanisms responsible for producing crystalline order include covalent（共价的） and ionic（离子的） chemical bonding and secondary bonding such as hydrogen bonds, vander Waals’ forces, and dipole-dipole（偶极子） interactions. The arrangement of molecules within the fiber is a major determinant of fiber properties. Within the fiber are two basic regions: an ordered or crystalline region （结晶的）, and