惩罚性赔偿适用范围的扩张性分析_论文.docVIP

摘  要  中外古代法中都有惩罚性赔偿的规定，但这严格来说它们并不是我们所说的 现代意义上的惩罚性赔偿。现代意义上的惩罚性赔偿产生于英美法系国家。惩罚 性赔偿是英美法系特有的制度，这一制度在英美法上自诞生以来的二百年间就在 赞成与批评声中得以存在，是英美法中最有争议的法律制度之一。近年来，大陆 法系国家也深受这一制度的影响，不仅在学理上展开探讨，而且一些国家已开始 在立法上逐步引入惩罚性赔偿。关于其适用范围，一直是学界争议的重点。国内 外法学界虽然对这一问题有所阐述，但对是否扩大其适用范围以及如何扩大其适 用范围方面的探讨仍然不够深入。笔者认为有必要对这一问题进行深入探讨，并 希望以此对加强和完善我国的损害赔偿制度有所裨益。笔者认为，惩罚性赔偿的 适用范围之所以能够扩张是由其特有的价值和功能所决定的。惩罚性赔偿具有下 列价值和功能：（ 1）价值：正义、秩序和效率、安全、自由、平等、个人权利保 护。（ 2）功能：补偿、威慑、激励。目前惩罚性赔偿适用范围的扩张已成为世界 潮流，我国必须顺应这一潮流，扩大其适用范围。关于惩罚性赔偿适用范围扩张 的标准问题，笔者提出一违法行为只要符合惩罚性赔偿的构成要件，对其实施惩 罚性赔偿能够体现惩罚性赔偿的价值，发挥惩罚性赔偿的功能，就可以对其施以 惩罚性赔偿的观点，并运用这一观点具体分析应将惩罚性赔偿扩张适用到我国的 产品责任法、环境法、证券法、著作权保护、恶性医疗事故、故意伤害他人的侵 权责任、反垄断法等领域。 关键词：惩罚性赔偿；适用范围：扩张性 I ABSTRACT All the ancient laws have prescribed Punitive Damages, but it is rigid to say that they are not the Punitive Damages we say in modern times. The modern system of Punitive Damages came into being in Anglo-American Law countries. The system of Punitive Damages is the unique system of Anglo-American legal system. This system, which has existed in approval and criticism in the Anglo-American law during 200 years since the birth, is one of the most controversial legal systems in Anglo-American law. In recent years, mainland legal system countries, which have also been deeply influenced by this system, have launched the discussion in the scientific theory, and some of them have started to introduce Punitive Damages into the legislation gradually. Its applicable scope is always the key point of disputes in the academic circles. Although the domestic and foreign legal circles have elaborated on this issue, but the discussion of whether expanding its applicable scope or not and how to expand its applicable scope is insufficient. The author considers that it is necessary to carry on the thorough discussion of this issue, and hopes to strengthen and perfect the damage compensation institution of our country by this. The author believed the reason why the applicable scope of Punitive Damages can be expanded is decided by it