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上週問題討論 心的變異 認同形塑背後的無意識動力性質與機轉 黑/白與島民/皇民之區分邏輯 Uncanny 《鳥》的uncanny 最後一幕 論無常(On Transience) Sigmund Freud 1915年為紀念歌德而作 背景：1913年… 美好事物是否因為短暫而減損其價值？ 哀悼(mourning) 服喪 渴求不朽 無常的可貴 詩人與朋友無法領略Freud What spoilt their enjoyment of beauty must have been a revolt in their minds against mourning. The mind instinctively recoils from anything that is painful…they felt their enjoyment of beauty interfered with by thoughts of its transience. Capacity for love If the objects are destroyed or if they are lost to us, our capacity for love (our libido) is once more liberated; and it can then either take other objects instead or can temporarily return to the ego. But why it is that this detachment of libido from its objects should be such a painful process is a mystery to us. Mourning: libido clings to its objects and will not renounce those that are lost even when a substitute lies ready to hand. Spontaneous end of mourning (however painful) When once the mourning is over, it will be found that our high opinion of the riches of civilization has lost nothing from our discovery of their fragility. We shall build up again all that was has destroyed, and perhaps on firmer ground and more lastingly than before. 三個匣子的主題(The Theme of Three Caskets) （1913） 夢的解析 “Thou owest Nature a death” （Freud的輓歌p.72） 《The Merchant of Venice》 Three caskets: gold, silver and lead Symbolic substitution of woman A man’s choice between three women The old king Lear The shepherd Paris Who is the this excellent third woman? Beauty Cordelia makes her self unrecognizable, inconspicuous like lead, she remains dumb, she “loves and is silent’. Cinderella hides so that she cannot be found In dreams dumbness is a common representation of death “The Twelve Brothers”, “The Six Swans” The third one: the Death itself, the Goddess of Death The Fates (Moera); spinner The Horae (Seasons): the guardians of natural law and of the divine Order which causes the same thing to recur in Nature in an unalterable sequence Replacement