第二章 光无源器件.ppt

Fusion Splicing Only allows transmission in one direction through it. Main application: To protect lasers and optical amplifiers from returning reflected light, which can cause instabilities. Insertion loss: Low loss (0.2 to 2 dB) in forward direction High loss in reverse direction:20 to 40 dB single stage, 40 to 80 dB dual stage) Return loss: More than 60 dB without connectors 滤波器主要指标 Fiber Bragg Grating FBG典型的反射光谱 Add - Drop Multiplexers Circulator with FBG Fiber Brag Gratings (FBG) Dispersion Compensation using Chirped FBG Filters - Thin-film Cavities 结构 Arrayed Waveguide Grating Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter (AOTF) ~ 500 nm (Bragg grating) ~ 200 μm (Long-period grating) 125 μm 8 μm 1 mm to 1500 mm Singlemode fibre Core Cladding Regions with higher refractive index than that of core’s §6 光滤波器——光纤光栅 光栅周期 光栅长度 折射率调制深度 折射率分布曲线 中心波长 带宽 反射峰值 1 cm FBG ，折射率变化量相对较低，反射峰值高 其它条件相同，折射率变化量增加，反射带宽增加 (c) 切趾后的结果，旁瓣减少，反射峰值降低。 §6 光滤波器——光纤光栅 Fiber DFB Bragg Grating F－P based on FBG FBG用于波长选择 Add l i Drop l i l 1, l 2, l 3, ... l i l 1, l 2, l 3, ... l i FBG C1 C2 Dielectric thin-film filter design Filter reflects l i Add / Drop Common Passband wavelength For a given grating period a particular wavelength (frequency) of light is reflected. In this case yellow light will be reflected If the grating spacing is changed (e.g. reduced due to compression of the fibre or a drop in temperature} the wavelength of the reflected light changes. In this case it becomes higher and reflects blue light In practice the colour shifts will be much finer than those illustated Optical fibre Grating pattern etched into body of fibre Detector Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) FBG传感器 §6 光滤波器——光纤光栅 FBG传感系统 Increasing intervals: “chirped” FBG compensation for chromatic dispersion Regular interval pattern: reflective at one wavelength Notch filter, add / drop multiplexer Optical Fibre Bragg Gratings Dz Dz l1 l2 l3 lN FBG is linearly chirped, I.e. the period of the grating varies linearly with