4Literatureofreasonandrevolution_Thomas精要.ppt

Lesson 4  Literature of reason and revolution (2) I am an America /v_show/id_XMTM4NTAxMzY=.html 美国独立战争 /playlist_show/id_5264637.html 美国介绍 /v_show/id_XNTEwOTgxMjcy.html 他的《常识》是《独立宣言》的底本和思想源泉。 他曾参与《人权宣言》的起草。 他是United Stated 一词的发明者。 他是谁？ Thomas Paine (1737-1809) Great Commoner of Mankind The radical propagandist The voice of common man Life In 1737, he was born in Thetford in Norfolk英国诺福克郡 At 19, he went to sea for about two years Paine returned to his trade（staymaker） in Kent 1762，he served as an exciseman 收税官 in Lincolnshire林肯郡 Life 1765，he was dismissed for a neglect of duty, but was reinstated 恢复原职 flowering a year spent as a school teacher in London In 1768, he again settled down as an excise officer in Lewes in East Sussex刘易斯[英国英格兰东南部城市](东苏塞克斯郡首府) Life In 1760, he first wife, Mary Lambert, died in early labor and their child did not survive. In 1771 he married again. Neither marriage brought Paine much in the way of happiness. He was legally separated from his second wife in 1774, just as he was about to embark for the American colonies. Life In 1772, He published his first pamphlet The Case of the Officers of Excise 《收税官的案子》, and had devoted too much time campaigning in London on behalf of the excise officers. In April 1774, Paine was discharged from his duties for having absented himself from his post without leave In London he met Benjamin Franklin who helped him to emigrate to America in October 1774. Life Paine settled in Philadelphia where he soon began a new career as a journalist. He contributed articles to the Pennsylvania Magazine and Pennsylvania Journal. Life On January 10, 1776, he published a short pamphlet, Common Sense《常识》, which immediately established his reputation as a revolutionary propagandist, the most articulate spokesman of the American Crisis. 美国独立革命思想的代言人 Life He urged an immediate declaration of independence and the establishment of a republican constitution, and brought the separatist agitation to a crisis. 177