定语从句精讲精练+解析.docVIP

定语从句 定义： 定语： 定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词或代词。 定语从句：用来修饰主句中一个词或词组的句子，称为定语从句。 要素：先行词（主句中被修饰的词）；关系代词∕副词（从句的引导词） 考纲要求：对于定语从句要求掌握以下内容： 引导限制性定语从句的关系词 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 介词+关系代词用法 不定代词∕数词+of which∕whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其结构与并列句的判断 关系词间的转换及选用 认识： Handsome boys = the boys who are handsome Beautiful flowers = the flowers which are beautiful 二. 限制性定语从句： 限制性定语从句：这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。限制性定语从句常由that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why,as引导。 (一 )关系词：关系代词和关系副词 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词：that, who, whom, which, whose 用法： 先行词 人 物 人+ 物 主语 who, that which, that that 宾语 whom, who, that which, that that 定语 whose whose, of + which / 注意： (1). 限制性定语从句中只能用that不用which的情况： a.先行词为不定代词everything, anything, nothing ,something , all, much, little, none, few, some等不定代词修饰时用that。 He did everything that he could to help us.There is little that I can do for you. b.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时用that。 This is the best book that I’ve ever read. This is the first thing that I want to say. c.当先行词是one of, the one, 或者先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the same, the last, few, just等修饰时用that。 It is the one that you want. All the things that we can do is to give you some advice. It is the only thing that I like to do. d.当先行词包含了指人和物两方面的含义时用that。 They talked about the things and persons that they knew in the school. e.在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中，用that Who is the man that spoke to you at the gate? Which is the star that is nearest to the earth? f. 先行词是主句的表语且关系代词在从句中作表语时用that。 He is not the boy that he used to be. China is no longer the country that it used to be. (2). 限制性定语从句中只用which不用that的情况： a.在非限制性定语从句中 She didn’t pass the exam, which made her sad. b.关系代词前有介词时 This is the room in which Lu Xun lived. c.先行词本身是that The clock is that which tells the time. (3). 限制性定语从句中只用who不用that的情况： a.当先行词是指人的those, anyone, everyone, people, he, all, one, few 等不定代词时，引导词用who而不用that. I am willing to help those who are in trouble. b.在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who There is an old man who says h