chapterGeneRegulation重点分析.ppt

分子生物学系列讲座之6 / 主 要 内 容 12.1 Terms Positive control (正调控) Negative control(负调控) Regulatory protein cis-acting element (顺式作用原件) trans-acting factor (反式作用因子) operator (操纵子) Terms Structural gene (结构基因) Regulator gene (调节基因) constitutive protein (组成型蛋白) regulator protein (调节蛋白) Activator(激活蛋白) Aporepressor (阻遏物蛋白) corepressor(辅阻遏物) Inducible(可诱导) repressible(可抑制) repressor(阻遏物) activator protein(AP) (激活蛋白) inducer (诱导物) corepressor (辅阻遏物) silence FIGURE 12.27 Control circuits are versatile and can be designed to allow positive or negative control of induction or repression. 12.1.1DNA 水平上的调控 组成型启动子:与一致序列相同或相近，恒定的转录速率，不受其他形式的调控 弱启动子:缺乏一个或多个一致序列元件，低转录速率，经常需激活蛋白 强启动子:与一致序列相近或相同，高转录速率，经常受到阻遏 12.2 操纵子学说 Promoter (启动子) Operator (操纵子) Structural gene (结构基因) regulatory gene (调节基因) Inducible operons (可诱导操纵子) Repressible operons (可抑制操纵子) 操纵子的发现 1961年 Jacob Monod构建部分二倍体(lacI-/FlacI+) lacIS 阻遏蛋白不可诱导性突变，阻遏蛋白失去诱导物结合位点 lacI- 阻遏蛋白不能形成寡聚物 lacI-d 阻遏蛋白不能和DNA结合，且呈负互补(反式显性) Oc 操纵基因的组成型突变 FIGURE 12.6 Addition of inducer results in rapid induction of lac mRNA, and is followed after a short lag by synthesis of the enzymes; removal of inducer is followed by rapid cessation of synthesis. Lactose operon (lac) FIGURE 12.7 Repressor maintains the lac operon in the inactive condition by binding to the operator. The shape of the repressor is represented as a series of connected domains as revealed by its crystal structure (see later).  FIGURE 12.8 Addition of inducer converts repressor to an inactive form that cannot bind the operator. This allows RNA polymerase to initiate transcription. FIGURE 12.5 Repressor and RNA polymerase bind at sites that overlap around the transcription startpoint of the lac operon. 激活因子: CAP (Catabolite Activator Protein,代谢产物激活蛋白) or CRP (cAMP Receptor Protein, cAMP受体蛋白);responses to the glucose level. cAMP(腺苷-3,5-环化一磷酸) 腺苷酸环化酶促进cAMP↑ 磷酸化的ⅡAGlu使腺苷酸环化酶↑ 葡萄糖通过PTS(磷酸转移系统)进 入细胞使磷酸化的ⅡAGlu↓ FIGURE 12.29 By reducing the level of cyclic AMP, glucose inhibits th