PartA写作基本理论1对英语句子的认识.docVIP

Part A 写作基本理论1——对英语句子的认识 意义：英语的句式与中文的不同。我们在学习英语的时候要注意到这一点。有的同学在学习中对此没有足够的认识，常常受中文的干扰。在写作中表现出不能写出正确的句子。 I. 什么是句子？ 长的是句子，短的是词。× 无论字数多少，只要有主语和谓语（动词），而且能表达完整的意义的一句话就是一个句子。√ I am tired. Pressing one’s palm together and resting one’s head on the back of one’s hand while closing the eyes as if sleeping means “I am tired.”（双手合拢，闭上眼，把头靠在手背上像睡觉的样子，意思是说“我累了。”） 这两个句子都具备了主语和谓语。都是完整的句子。要记住：在英语中，一个句子必须且只能有一个谓语。 1. 省略主语的句子 Come in, please. (You) Open the door. Sit down. Stand up. What a day! (What a terrible day it is!) 2. 一个句子不能同时有两个谓语。 典型错误： 1) The old man likes take a walk in the village after supper. ∟ 2) I enjoy talk with him over a cup of coffee. ∟she came in and sat down. 3) The boy ran to his mother crying. ∟ 4) After writing the notice, he put it up on the wall. ∟ after she… you… 3. 不要把从句的谓语当成句子的谓语, 或把主句的谓语当成从句的谓语。如果是一个复合句，主句和从句都应该分别有自己的主语和谓语。 典型错误： 1）?Those who eat too much will become easily ill. ∟Mum is going to buy me a nice gift, which IS beyond my imagination. 2) When he was walking in the park, he felt a little tired. ∟ 3）When at school, I studied very hard. ∟?when I was at school, … Although he was born in the country, he … Although born in the country,… If invited, I will go. If I am invited, I will go. When I came in, I saw him smoking. Coming in, I saw… II. Practice: 判断以下是否是句子。 1. Birds can fly. 2. The birds in the cage which I bought yesterday died. 3. Wait for me at the station. 4. If you know how to play with words to make people laugh, 5. A way of saying “I’m sorry” 6. Patting the stomach before a meal means “ I am hungry. 7. The bread my mother makes is much better than what you can buy at the store. 8. To make friends in the school which was not far from my new home 9. If you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air, take off in a rocket, fly a helicopter or fight alien creatures in outer space III. 常见的句子结构 由于英语动词种类的不同，构成了不同的句子类型。和中文不同的是，英语的动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。表达同一个意思时，有的是及物动词，有的就是不及物动词。如：表示“听” 这个意义时，listen 是不及物动词；hear是及物动词。表示 “看” 这个