Unit1Grammar英语中的否定.docVIP

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Unit1Grammar英语中的否定

Unit 1 Grammar英语中的否定 一:否定的种类:按意义分,有全部否定、部分否定、多重否定(双重否定). 1)全部否定no, not, never, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, neither... nor,结构均表示强烈意味的完全否定, 绝对不,没有,远不(非)......,一点也不,根本不......,无论如何也没有......等. 2)部分否定英语中一些含有总括含义的代词、形容词或副词,当用于否定句中时,只否定一部分,而不是完全否定.如all, everybody(everyone), everything, anyone(anybody), anything, anywhere, everywhere, always, quite, both, entirely, altogether等词与not连用时,在汉语中译为......不全是......,不都是......,并非全都是......,不总是......等 All that glitters is not gold. All of us don’t want to go. 对比:All knowledge and techniques of modern medicine cannot bring him back to life. 在此解作“即使全部的……也不……”) Every instrument here is not good. 二:英语否定形式 英语中否定含义的表达形式多种多样,可以用not,no,never,none,nobody,nothing,nowhere等否定词来表达否定之意. 可以用hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,few等半否定词来表达否定之意. 3) 可以用含否定意义的前缀a-,ab-,an-,de-,dis-,il-,im-,in-,ir-,non-,un-,under-等构成的词表达否定之意;也可以用后缀 -less,-free,-proof等构成的词表达否定之意。 4)除此以外,还可以用含否定意义的词、词组或句子表达否定意义一)、运用含否定意义的词及词组表示否定意义 1.动词:absent(缺席,不到),fail(没有),defy(公然反抗),deny(否认),miss(未击中,未赶上),lack(缺乏),escape(被……忘掉),ignore(不顾),refuse(不肯,拒不),negate(否定),decline(拒绝),neglect(忽略),forbid(不许, 不准),resist(抗拒)等。例如: He absented himself from a meeting on some pretext.他借故不去开会。 Her name escaped me for a moment. 2.动词短语: differ from(与……不同), prefer… to(宁愿……而不),keep off(不接近,不让……接近),keep… from/prevent… from/stop…from/protect… from(阻止,使……不), deprive… of(使丧失),lose sight of(看不见), make light of(轻视,视……不足道)等。 Why should you prevent them from moving into the new house? Sickness deprived her of the pleasure of meeting her son. 3.名词:absence(不在), failure(没有,不及格), lack(缺乏),(不愿),refusal(不肯),ignorance(无知),negation(否定),shortage(缺乏,不足),want(缺少),zero(乌有)等。 His reluctance to think of a nonsports career caught up with him.他不愿考虑运动员以外的职业给他带来的不幸。 Bass was also in ignorance of his whereabouts.贝斯也不知他的下落。 Shortage of manpower is the chief cause of the delay at the factory. Their hopes were reduced to zero.他们的希望化为乌有。 4.形容词及形容词短语: reluctant(不愿), absent from(不在,没到场), ignorant of(不知,不懂),different from(与……不同),short of

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