英汉互译第二讲技术方案.pptVIP

英汉词汇对比Lecture 02Contrastive Analysis of English and Chinese Vocabularies Similarities English and Chinese has similar word class. notional word (实词)：noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, numeral. functional word (虚词): prepositions, conjunctions onomatopoeia (象声词) Differences English has articles, while Chinese has unit word (量词) and exclamation (语气词). Full equivalence in conceptual meaning Special nouns Technical terms Nouns referring to natural phenomenon Examples: earth----地球 moon ----月亮 ocean----大海 Paris----巴黎 philosophy---哲学 e-mail---电子邮件 clone---克隆 blog---博客 Information Super Highway---信息高速公路 Global Positioning System----全球卫星定位系统 Partial equivalence of conceptual meaning Broader VS Narrower (广义VS 狭义) ① English ﹥Chinese marry ----- 娶；嫁 uncle ----- 伯父；叔父；姑父；叔叔；伯伯 aunt ------ 伯母；婶母；姑母；阿姨；大娘 rose ------ 玫瑰；月季 ② English﹤ Chinese introduce; recommend----介绍 borrow; lend ---- 借 factory; plant; mill; work ----工厂 company; corporation ---- 公司 Abstract VS Concrete (抽象VS 具体) beauty ---- 美； 美人 freedom ---- 自由；自由权 justice ---- 正义；正义感 General Vs specific (一般VS个别) cloth ---- 布匹； 衣服 family ---- 家； 家人 Zero correspondence in conceptual meaning These words are usually culture-bound ones. ① Example in English Watergate----水门事件 Mass---弥撒 yo-yo（溜溜球） tango---探戈 jazz---爵士乐 soap opera---肥皂剧 bagpipe---风笛 Senate---参议院 Halloween---万圣节 Dink---丁克 kilt---苏格兰方格呢短裙 rifle---来复枪 hotdog ---热狗 pan---平底锅 Baby boom---婴儿潮 the beat generation---垮掉的一代 Zero correspondence in conceptual meaning ② Example in Chinese 月饼 ---moon cake 四合院--- 胡同---Hutong 毛笔 ---writing brush 中山装---Chinese tunic suit 旗袍---cheongsam 二胡---erhu 仁---benevolence 义---justice 孝---filial piety 中庸---The Doctrine of Mean 太极---shadow boxing 京剧---Beijing opera 人民代表大会---NPC 八卦---the Eight Diagrams in Chinese mythology 谷雨---Grain Rain 大锅饭--- 铁饭碗--- Approximate equivalence in associativ