汽车专业英语(幻灯片)Chapter 3 Engine(2.7).pptVIP

Basic words: Feed pump: Mechanical governor: * SEA—Special English for Automobile Chapter 2 internal combustion engine * Differences between diesel and gasoline engines: Diesel engine gets this name from the pioneer work done by Dr Rudolf Diesel. The diesel is used for the majority of heavy vehicles and the excellent fuel economy makes it an attractive alternative to the petrol engine for light commercial vehicles, delivery vans and taxis. 柴油发动机的名称来源于Rudolf Diesel博士所完成的开拓性工作。大多数重型车辆使用柴油，优良的燃油经济性使得柴油机成为最有吸引力的替代品,来代替轻型商用车、厢式货车和出租车上汽油机。 Gasoline, kerosene and diesel oil are all produce from natural petroleum (crude oil), and are distinguished mainly by their volatility. Gasoline is quite volatile, that is, it evaporates or vaporizes at a low temperature. Kerosene needs more heat to make it vaporize, while diesel oil requires still more heat. Both types of engines are internal-combustion engines, that is, they burn the fuel inside their cylinders. 汽油、煤油和柴油全都是从天然石油（原油）中提取出来的，通过挥发性可以把他们区分开。汽油易挥发，也就是，它在低温下蒸发或变成蒸汽。煤油需要较多热量才能挥发，而柴油需要更多热量。这两种发动机都是内燃机，也就是，它们在汽缸内燃烧。 The diesel engine has no throttle plate or similar device to restrict airflow into the engine. Engine speed is controlled only by the amount of fuel put into the cylinders. For this reason, a diesel engine is an unthrottled engine. A gasoline engine has high vacuum when the throttle is closed, and low or no vacuum when the throttle is open. A diesel engine, because it has no throttle, has no intake manifold vacuum. 柴油机没有节气门或类似装置控制进入发动机的气流。发动机速度仅由进入汽缸中的燃油量控制。因此，柴油机是无节气门发动机。当关闭节气门时汽油机真空度升高，打开节气门时真空度降低或没有真空。由于柴油发动机没有节气门，因而没有进气管真空度。 The fuel injection system is the most important part of the diesel engine. Diesel injection must control the quantity of the fuel injected and determine when it is to be injected. The timing of the fuel injection is important, as is the spark timing of a gasoline engine. 燃油喷射系统是柴油机的最重要的部分。柴油喷射必须控制燃油喷射量和决定喷射时间。燃油喷射时间象汽油机点火时间一样重要。 Review 1: List the differences between Diesel and