毕业论文(完整版)教案分析.doc

摘 要 聚合物驱采油的主要问题之一是如何处理大量含有一定浓度聚合物产出水，如果把这些产出水直接排放将会给环境带来很大的危害。为此提出了用聚合物驱产出水配制聚合物回注地层的设想。但是由于产出水的矿化度明显高于清水，影响了所配聚合物溶液的粘度，会降低聚合物驱的效果。如果要达到所需的配聚粘度，就要耗费更多的聚合物，提高了成本。因此本文提出用电渗析法降低产出水中的矿化度，从而提高配聚粘度。 电渗析技术首先用于苦咸水淡化，而后逐渐扩大到海水淡化及制取饮用水和工业纯水的给水处理中，并且在重金属废水处理、放射性废水处理等工业废水处理中得到应用，目前已成为一种重要的膜法水处理技术。但是，电渗析法用于油田含聚采油废水的脱盐处理在国内外还没有报道，这也是本文的创新之处。 本文首先介绍了在实验室用电渗析法处理人工配制油田采出水离子组成的溶液，实验结果表明在出水达标的情况下，Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+和K+、Cl-、HCO3-、SO42-的去除率分别达到97%、90%、78%、85%、67%和70%，能耗为0.52～1.44kWh/m3，证明用电渗析法去除该水溶液的矿化度是可行的。然后介绍了电渗析法去除油田含聚采油废水矿化度的现场实验，在不同的电压和流量下，电渗析的能耗为0.56～1.09kWh/m3，证明无论是在工艺技术上还是在运行成本上，该法都是可行的。文章最后还对水中的污染物对离子交换膜的污染问题及其清洗进行了探讨，另外由于电渗析法去除矿化度工艺中进水水质要求较高且离子交换膜一旦污染清洗较为困难，故尝试采用前置超滤预处理系统控制电渗析器进水水质，降低交换膜污染负荷。 研究表明，电渗析法去除油田含聚采油废水矿化度的效果很好，经济上是可行的，有利于保护环境和节水。通过前置超滤系统可以有效控制进水水质，降低离子交换膜的污染负荷。 关键词 含聚采油废水；电渗析；降低矿化度；膜污染；超滤；预处理 Abstract Main problem of polymer flooding is how to dispose sewage contains polymer, if discharge sewage directly, it will bring great harm to environment. So brings forward the assumption of confecting polymer with sewage of polymer flooding and infusing back to ground. But for the reason that mineralization degree of sewage is higher than clean water, will affect viscosity of polymer solution, and decrease effect of polymer flooding. If wants to reach the viscosity that is needed, more polymer is needed, and increase the cost. So this text brings forward that decrease mineralization degree of sewage with electrodialysis, and increase viscosity of polymer solution. Electrodialysis is first applied in desalting of bitter salt water, then gradually extends to the water treatment of seawater desalting and manufacture of drinking water and industrial pure water, and applies in treatment of industrial wastewater such as heavy metal wastewater and radioactive wastewater, and now has become an important membrane water treatment technology. But it hasn’t been reported that electrodialysis applies in desalting of oil field sewage of polymer flooding, this is innovation of this disserta