0-绪论2015.4-7卓越班-医学基础II.ppt

Mastectomy axillary lymph node Cells for cytological examination may be collected from epithelium shed or scraped from a body surface (exfoliative cytology) or by aspirating cells through a fine bore needle into a syringe (aspiration cytology). The animal experimental methods are applied to replicate some models of human disease in order to investigate the etiology, pathogenesis, pathological change and the results of the disease. Biopsy can be made at different stage of disease, thus we can catch a glimpse of the periodical pathological change and its developing process, drug and other factors that have effects on diseases, some once-causing material, the pathogenesis of biological factors. It is an important reference to human disease. Tissue and cell cultures are widely used research and diagnosis. They are an attractive medium for research because of the ease with which the cellular environment can be modified and the responses to it monitored. Diagnostically, cell cultures are used to prepare chromosome spreads for cytogenetic analysis. * 绪论 （二）实验病理学experimental pathology 1. Animal experiment to replicate some models of human disease 复制动物模型 It is an important reference to human disease. * 绪论 Se-deficiency animal model * 绪论 2. Tissue and cell culture * 绪论 三、病理学的历史 ? 公元前4-5世纪…… 体液学说 古希腊 Hippocrates ? 18世纪（1761年）… …器官病理学 意大利 Margani 《论疾病的部位与原因》 ? 19世纪（1858年）…… 细胞病理学 德国病理学家 Virchow (魏尔啸） 《细胞病理学》, 具划时代意义 ? 20世纪60年代 …… 超微结构病理学 电镜及生物组织超薄切片技术 * 绪论 A famous painting about autopsy in 18 century * 绪论 * 绪论 Pathology development history * 绪论 electro-microscopy microscopy Gross section Cellular pathology Organ pathology ultrastructual pathology Molecular pathology immunopathology Genetic technique Immunological technique 中医对疾病认识过程 历史年代 创始人 著作 公元前3世纪 黄帝内经 公元610年 隋唐 曹元方 诸病源候论 * 绪论 1247年 南宋 宋滋 洗冤集录 1768年 清代 王清任 医林改错 附录 一 自学 疾病的病理学诊断附录 二 自学 病理学