2015-2016学年高二英语总结与练习（外研版）：Book 6 Module 1 Grammar-情态动词 .docVIP

GRAMMAR 情态动词 一、一些情态动词的常见用法 1. can和may都可表示允许。如： Can / May I take the book out? 2. would和used to都可表示“（过去）常常”，但“would +动词原形”单纯表示过去经常做某事，而“used to+动词原形”表示过去常常做某事而现在不做了。如： Bob would always turn and wave at the end of the street. I used to smoke, but I gave up a couple of years ago. 3. may, might, could, must都可表示肯定推测，其中，might语气最弱，must语气最强。must表推测时，否定句和疑问句中用can。如： It may or may not rain. I’m not sure I’ll go to Jeff’s Party. I might go to the concert instead. It could cost your life if you are not careful. You must be Mr. Smith. I was told to pick you up. The girl riding the bike can’t be Mary. She’s in New York. There’s someone outside. Who can it be? 二、一些情态动词的特殊用法 1. should表示惊异，意为“竟然”。如： It wasn’t right that such near neighbours should not know one another. 2. must表示“偏要，硬要”。 如： Must you worry her with questions, just when she’s busy cooking? 3. shall用于陈述句中，表示许诺、威胁、决心、规定等。如： If you work hard you shall have a holiday on Saturday. If you children won’t do as I tell you, you shall not go to the party. The enemy shall not pass. Each competitor shall wear a number. 三、“情态动词+ have done”结构 1. could have done可表示“过去本来能够做某事而实际上没有做”。如： I could have come here a little earlier, but I’m late because of the bad traffic. 2. must have done表示对过去已经发生过的情况的肯定推测，语气较强。如： Sally must have received the book; I sent it a month ago. 3. may / might have done表示对已经发生过的情况的肯定推测，语气稍弱。如： Eva didn’t come on time. She may / might have missed the bus. 4. should / ought to have done表示“过去本该做某事而实际上没有做”。如： The flowers have died. I should / ought to have watered them often. 5. needn’t have done表示“本不必做某事而实际上做了”。如： ??? It is warm today. You needn’t have worn your coat. 注意： didn’t need to do表示“过去没必要做，实际上也没做某事”。 needn’t have done表示“过去虽然没必要做，但已经做了某事”。 Gary didn’t need to get up early on Sunday, so he stayed in bed until 10 am. It’s only five minutes’ walk. We needn’t have taken a taxi. 【即学即练】 I. 选用方框内的情态动词完成下面对话（每个情态动词限用一次）。 shall, can, should, may, needn’t, mustn’t Stephen: I have been practicing playi