公共部门经济学公共物品和公共资源讲述.ppt

If you’re pressed for time, you can safely omit this exercise. Its contents will be covered in a subsequent slide, and students can learn this material from a careful reading of the chapter. This exercise has several objectives: 1) It gets students to anticipate the policy solutions to the common resource problem based on what they have just learned about the problem. 2) After giving students a big hint on the preceding slide, it tests to see whether they make the connection between the common resource problem and the policies to deal with negative externalities they learned in the preceding chapter. To get through this activity quickly, display the question, give students a quiet moment to formulate their responses, then ask for students to share their answers. If you can spare an extra couple of minutes, have them work in pairs – two minutes should suffice – and then ask students to share their answers with the class. All of these policy options have been used in modern times to deal with the common resource problem. The following slide shows a few examples. * The electromagnetic frequency spectrum is a common resource. It is not excludable: anyone with the right equipment can use it. It is rival in consumption: there’s a limited amount of spectrum available. The U.S. FCC has been auctioning licenses to use parts of the spectrum since 1994. These auctions raise substantial revenue for the federal government, and help allocate spectrum efficiently (firms that can use it most productively bid the most in the auctions). * Regarding congested roads: please encourage your students to read the new “In the News” box entitled “A Solution to City Congestion.” 公共物品与公共资源 ? 2009 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning, all rights reserved C H A P T E R 公共物品与公共资源 经济学原理 N.格里高利.曼昆 著 11 本章我们将探索这些问题的答案： 什么是公共物品？什么是公共资源？ 为什么在提供这些物品的有效率数量上总是市场失灵？ 在公共物品或公共资源上，政府怎么做才能改善市场结果？ * 公共物品与公共资源 * 介绍 尽管我们学习了市场在资源配置中的作用，但是并不是所有物品都在市场上交易 我们消费许多无需支付价格的物品：公园，国防