福斯特生态危机观及其当代价值.doc

福斯特的生态危机观及其当代价值 摘要：生态危机是目前全球面临的最严重的危机，它已经从一国扩张到全球范围。 对生态危机本质的认识，是解决生态问题的基石，并对我们的生态实践活动产生 重要影响。约翰 个问题进行了全面深入的分析。他在对以往控制自然的观念、支配自然的观念和 人类中心主义的生态危机的文化本质批判的基础上，以继承马克思的物质变换裂 缝理论为出发点，指出了资本主义的反生态本性，发现了生态危机的真正根源和 在资本主义条件下解决生态危机的不可能性。福斯特在对以往资本主义式的解决 危机的经济学路径、技术路径、制度路径和环保措施进行了批判，指出这些措施 只是在资本主义框架内的改良，并没有从根本上解决生态危机。在此基础上，他 运用社会批判理论，提出了他独具特色的解决方案，即从生态革命走向生态社会 主义。他认为，只有转变消费方式、消除技术异化、重塑生态道德，实现环境与 经济的协调发展，才是解决生态危机的根本出路。本文在对福斯特的危机观进行 较为完整、准确的介绍的同时，也发掘出了它的理论价值和实践价值，指出了它 对我国当前生态文明建设和构建社会主义和谐社会的重大意义。  关键词：文化本质  资本主义生产方式  生态革命  当代价值 Foster’s Theory of Ecological Crisis and its Contemporary Values Abstract：Ecological crisis is the most serious problem in our world, which has appeared globally. The fundamental research on the crisis will support our ecological project and make good for solving the problem. John Bellamy Foster is the important Ecological Marxist, who has studied ecological crisis fundamentally. He has adopted the recent theories, such as the human centralism and the ideal of controlling the nature. Guided by Marxism, he has revealed the anti-ecological substance of Capitalism and the impossibility of solving ecological problem by Capitalism. He has criticized the solution by Capitalism, including methods of economy, technology, regulation etc, and proved the internal revise could never provide a substantial solution for the ecological crisis. According to social critical theory, he has provided a particular solution, which will support a progress form ecological revolution to ecological socialism. A substantial solution for the ecological crisis must include the following changes, such as transiting the methods of consumption, eliminating the alienation of technology, improving the morality of ecology, and achieve a coordinated development of environment and economy. The paper has reported Foster’s theory about ecological crisis, proved its values on theory and practice, and instructed its meaningful importance in building ecological civilization in China.  Key word