应用matlab进行测试系统建模预案.ppt

第 二 章 测 试 系 统 2.1 Composition of a Complete measurement system Instrumentation is the science and technology of complete measurement systems with which physical quantities are measured so as to obtain data which can be transmitted to recording and display devices. In general, measurement systems can be represented as having three elements: A detecting element called a transducer which produces a signal related to the quantity being detected. An element called a signal conditioner which converts the signal from the transducer into a form which can be displayed. A display or recording element which enables the signal to be read. Example A mercury-in-glass thermometer  Temperature information volume information Volume change length change Length change position of meniscus of mercury against a graduated scale 2.2 Performance of measuring systems Static characteristics: Define the performance criteria for the measurement of quantities that remain constant or vary quite slowly. Dynamic characteristics: Concern the relationship between the system input and output when the measurand is varying rapidly. Accuracy(error) is often specified as a percentage of the full range output or full scale deflection.(f.s.d) Resolution of a system is the smallest change in input which can be processed by it. Sensitivity specifies how much output you get per unit input. A thermocouple might have a sensitivity of 20μV /°C。 If the output and input signal are of the same form, Magnification can be used in alternative. The non-linearity error is used for the error that occurs as a result of assuming a linear relationship between the input and output over the working range. The term drift is used to describe the change in output that occurs over time when the input remain constant. The zero drift is used for the changes that occur in output when there is zero input. Rep