研究生专业外语五单元方案.ppt

3. 主动变被动译法 在具体文章中，如果原文主动句正面译出比较困难，或者译成汉语被动句更能准确表达原意、汉语行文更为方便时，可对原文主动句译成汉语的被动句。 (1) The properties of materials have dictated nearly every design and every useful application that the engineer could devise. 工程师所能设想的每一种设计和每一种用途几乎都受到材料性能的限制。 Transition of Sentence Patterns 3. 主动变被动译法 (2) Since prehistoric times the sketch has served as one of mans most effective communication techniques. 自从史前时期以来，草图一直被人类用作最有效的交际手段之一。 (3) However, the development of the natural science began to gain speed only in the latter part of the 18th and the early part of the 19th centuries. 然而，只是到了十八世纪末和十九世纪初叶，自然科学才得到了迅速地发展。 Transition of Sentence Patterns 被动变主动译法 It is clear that a body can be charge under certain condition. Transition of Sentence Patterns 很清楚，在一定条件下物体能够带电。 Whenever tow objects are rubbed together electrons are thransferred from one object to the other. 当两个物体在一起摩擦时，电子便从一个物体转移到另一个物体上去了。 被动变无主动语句译法 The resistance can be determined provided that the voltage and current are known . Transition of Sentence Patterns 只要知道电压和电流，就能确定电阻。 The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator. 利用发电机可以将机械能再转变成电能。 英语被动句的习惯译法 为了使上下文紧密衔接，句子前后平衡，还有一种处理英语被动语句的习惯译法，即把被动语态中的过去分词移至句首，而把主语放在助动词be之后，形成倒装结构。 Transition of Sentence Patterns In an ordinary atom, the number of protons are the same as that of electrons, clustered together with these protons are neutrons. 在普通原子里，质子数和电子数相等，与这些质子群集结在一起的是中子。 Translation of sentences with Passive Voice 在英语专业文献中，大量使用被动语态，以突出所论证或说明的对象，使表述更客观，句子结构更简练。但在汉语中，并没有普遍使用被动语态的习惯。因此，在翻译英语被动语态时，大量的译成主动句，少数的仍可译成被动句，视具体情况而定。 Translation of sentences with Passive Voice 1. 原主语在译文中仍作主语 (1) If a machine part is not well protected, it will become rusty after a period of time. 如果机器部件不好好防护，过了一段时间后就会生锈。 (2) Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed from one form into another. 每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式变成另一种形式。 Translation of sentences with Passive Voice 1. 原主语在译文中仍作主语 (3) At the receiving end, the compo