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Abstract
Abstract
Keydistributionistheartofsharingasecretkeybetweentwocooperativeplayers,
AliceandBob,inthepresenceofaneavesdropperEve.Informationsecurityhasalways
beenofgreatimportancetoeverynation,everygroupandeveryperson.Thesecurityof
quantum cryptography isbasedontwoprinciplesoffundamentalphysics,i.e.
Heisenbergsuncertaintyprincipleandthequantumnoncloningprinciple,andguarantees
absolutesecurityofthecryptographickey,withoutassumptionsabouttheresources
availabletoapotentialadversary.Quantuminformationiscurrentlyoneofthehottest
researchfieldsinphysics,andQKDisthemostadvancedsubfieldsofarwithregardto
practical即plication.
Thisthesisreportstheexperimentalandtheoreticworkofourgroupstudiesinthe
quantumkeydistributionandafiberopticquantumkeydistribution(QKD)material
schemebasedonphaseencodedsingle户otonhasbeingdevelopedinourgroup.
Thetheoreticalbackgroundofquantumkeydistributionisfirstpresented.Its
experimentalrealizationandrecentdevelopmentsarethendescribed.Emphasisisplaced
on奴discussionofth,ebasicprinciplesandthedescriptionoftheconventionalschemes.
ThispaperpresentsnovelQKDschemesthatusethreeasymmetricMach-Zehnder
interferometerandaphasemodulator.Theadvantagesofthisnewschemearenumerous:(1)
theefficiencywithwhichtransmitteddataconrtibutetotheprivatekeyisincreased.(2)
确acentstatesexperiencethesamepolarizationchangeandthusperfect妙interferewith
eachother.(3)Bobdoesnotneedaphasemodulator.Wehavedesignedandfabricateda
polarizationindependentphasemodulator,whichgreatlyenhancethefringevisibilityof
single-photointerference.Theamountofworkthatweadjustbeampathisbeendecreased.
Wehaveconstructedour~ single-photondetector,whichhadintegratedpower
supplycircuit,thermoelecrticrefrigerationcircuit,amplifierdiscriminatorcircuit,actively
quenchedcircuitandsoon.Wedolikethisforitsconvenience.Atthesametime,amethod
tomeasuresinglephotonsourceusingdetec
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