俄罗斯论文：俄罗斯济转轨过程中的经济危机及其应对研究.docVIP

俄罗斯论文：俄罗斯经济转轨过程中的经济危机及其应对研究 【中文摘要】俄罗斯经济转轨已经走过整整二十年的历程。20世纪末叶俄罗斯走上了从计划经济向市场经济转轨的道路,通过对国有经济进行私有化改造和重建经济管理体制,建立起了市场经济的制度框架。但是,国家经济却在转轨初期的政治、经济等多重危机的作用下陷入了崩溃的边缘,1998年的金融危机更将疲惫不堪的俄罗斯经济拖到谷底。严重的经济危机以及由此带来的恶性通货膨胀、物价飞涨、社会动乱等,使广大人民遭受了无尽的痛苦。可以说在叶利钦时期的俄罗斯经济转轨过程中,与之相伴的是权力拼杀、社会冲突、阴谋和流血,国民生产总值急剧下降,人民生活陷入普遍贫困。普京上台后,以“乱世用重典”的方式悄然实现了政治可控制、经济发展、社会稳定的转变。在政治上成功地构建了以总统为核心的强势政府权力体系；削弱地方权限、打击地方保护主义；整肃寡头势力,实现了政治稳定,为经济转轨创造了一个稳定的政治环境。在经济上通过建立健康有序的金融体系,稳定了金融形势,有效降低了通货膨胀：通过税制改革,减轻了个人和企业的负担；通过提高工资和养老金、增加社会救助扩大了国内需求,稳定了社会形势。更为重要的是普京政府借助国际能源市场行情变化的有利时机,建立了国家稳定基金,改善了国际收支状况,增强了国家经济实力,为应对美国次贷危机打下了坚实的经济基础。梅德韦杰夫在接任普京的权杖之后,依然坚定不移的贯彻其执政、治国理念,保持了国民经济持续稳定增长,从新使俄罗斯迈入了世界强国行列。 【英文摘要】Russia’s economic transition has gone through of two decades. Russia embarked on a late 20th century from a planned economy to a market economy, the road through the privatization of state-owned economic transformation and reconstruction of economic management system, establish the institutional framework of market economy. However, early in the transition economies have the political and economic role of the multiple crises into the brink of collapse, the 1998 financial crisis, the Russian economy more will be exhausted onto the bottom. Severe economic crisis and the resulting hyperinflation, soaring prices, social unrest, so that the majority of the people suffered great pain. Can be said that the Russian economy under Yeltsin, the process of transition, accompanying flame of power, social conflict, conspiracy and bloodshed, a sharp decline in GDP, the people living into widespread poverty. Putin came to power, to “heavy penalties in times of trouble” approach quietly achieved political control, economic development, social stability changes. Success in politics as the core of the President built a strong system of governmental authority; weakened the local authority to crack down local protectionism; purge oligarchy, to achieve political stability, economic transition has created a stable political environment. Economically t