第三章热力学第一定律.ppt.pptVIP

第三章 热力学第一定律Chapter 3. The first law of thermodynamics 3.1系统的宏观和微观储存能 Macroscopic and microscopic energy of system 3.2热量、功量及质量引起的能量传递------传递中的能量 Energy transfer by Heat, Work and Mass 3.3热力学第一定律与闭口系统的能量平衡方程 The first law of thermodynamics and Energy balance equation of closed system 3.4开口系统的能量平衡方程 Energy balance equation of open system 3.5稳态稳定流动的能量平衡 Energy balance for steady-flow systems 3.6工程中的几种稳态稳定流动装置 Some steady-flow engineering devices 热力学第一定律的本质Essence of the First Law of Thermodynamics ? 1909年，C. Caratheodory最后完善热一律 能量守恒定律阐明能量既不能被创造，也不能消灭，它只能从一种形式转换成另一种形式，或从一个系统转移到另一个系统，而其总量保持恒定。 Conservation of energy principle states that energy can be neither created nor destroyed; it can only change from one form to another but the total amount of energy remains constant. 热力学第一定律主要说明热能与机械能在转换过程中的能量守恒 The first law of thermodynamics is viewed as the Conservation of energy principle which governs the energy transfer process from thermal energy to mechanical ones. Perpetual –motion machine of the first kind §3.1系统的宏观和微观储存能Macroscopic and microscopic energy of system Energy is a property of every system. It is denoted as E for a system, or e for a system with a unit mass. E = internal energy + kinetic energy + potential energy 1.热力学能U Microscopic energy-----Internal energy U 热力学能指系统所有微观形式的能量之和. Internal energy is defined as the sum of all the microscopic forms of energy of a system. 热力学能的微观组成 （1）分子的动能和势能 Kinetic and potential energies of the molecules (2)理想气体热力学能的物理解释 热力学能的说明 2.宏观储存能：动能和势能 Macroscopic energy---kinetic energy and potential energy