2009第3次课.pptVIP

Section 2 BACTERIAL NUTRITION AND GROWTH 第二节　细菌的营养与生长繁殖;一、细菌的营养类型Classification based on their source of carbon碳源;Water水：营养物质必须先溶于水，营养的吸收与代谢均需有水才能进行。 Carbon source碳源：来源于糖类， 合成菌体成分和提供能量。 Nitrogen source氮源：来源于氨基酸、蛋白质等,合成菌体成分。 Minerals无机盐：常用元素（钾、钠、钙、镁、磷、硫等） 微量元素（钴、锌、锰、铜等） Growth factors生长因子：生长必需但自身不能合成的物质，如 维生素、氨基酸等。;; 营养物质Nutrients pH值 7.2-7.6 温度Temperature Psychrophile 嗜冷菌, 15-20℃ mesophile 嗜温菌, 30-37℃ thermophile 嗜热菌, 50-60℃ 渗透压Osmotic pressure 气体（O2 、CO2）; 根据细菌对氧的需要与否，将细菌分为四类： 1.专性需氧菌Obligate aerobes :具有完善的呼吸酶系统，如结核杆菌、 霍乱弧菌 They grow only in the presence of oxygen. They obtain their energy through aerobic respiration 需氧呼吸。 2.微需氧菌Microaerophiles :低氧压（5%~6%）下生长最好，如幽门螺杆菌 They require a low concentration of oxygen (2% to 10%) for growth. They obtain their energy through aerobic respiration.; 3.兼性厌氧菌Facultative anaerobes :多数病原菌 They grow with or without oxygen, but generally better with oxygen. They obtain their energy through aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but use fermentation 发酵or anaerobic respiration 厌氧呼吸 if it is absent. ;4.专性厌氧菌Obligate anaerobes:缺乏完善的呼吸酶系统，只能在无氧的环境下生长,如破伤风杆菌 They grow only in the absence of oxygen. They obtain their energy through anaerobic respiration or fermentation. They are killed by oxygen because they lack certain enzymes (catalase 触酶, peroxidase 过氧化物酶, superoxide dismutase 超氧化物歧化酶) that detoxify both hydrogen peroxide and oxygen free radicals 氧自由基 (superoxide) produced as side-products during metabolism in the presence of oxygen.;专性厌氧菌不能在有氧环境中生长繁殖的原因：√;2、缺乏分解有毒氧基团的酶(超氧化物歧化酶[SOD]和触媒及过氧化物酶) ; 根据细菌对氧的需要与否，将细菌分为四类： 1.专性需氧菌Obligate aerobes :具有完善的呼吸酶系统，如结核杆菌、 霍乱弧菌 2.微需氧菌Microaerophiles :低氧压（5%~6%）下生长最好，如幽门螺杆菌 3.兼性厌氧菌Facultative anaerobes:多数病原菌 4.专性厌氧菌Obligate anaerobes:缺乏完善的呼吸酶系统，只能在无氧的环境下生长,如破伤风杆菌;五、细菌的生长繁殖Bacterial nutrition and growth ;生长方式以及特点： 二分裂法 binary fission; 动画 繁殖速度快(20--30分钟/次);结核杆菌例外(18—20小时/次) ;生长曲线(growth curve);迟缓期Lag Phase : 细菌进入