原子核物理学发展史.doc

目 录 摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………1 关键词…………………………………………………………………………………………1 Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………1 Key words……………………………………………………………………………………1 序言……………………………………………………………………………………………2 1.伦琴和X射线的发现………………………………………………………………………3 1.1偶然的发现………………………………………………………………………………3 1.2机遇是留给有准备的人…………………………………………………………………3 2.贝克勒尔发现放射性………………………………………………………………………3 2.1贝克勒尔发现铀盐辐射…………………………………………………………………4 3.居里夫人和镭的发现………………………………………………………………………4 3.1钋…………………………………………………………………………………4 3.2不知疲倦的科学家………………………………………………………………………5 3.3生活的不幸成为研究的动力……………………………………………………………6 4.卢瑟福和α射线的研究……………………………………………………………………6 4.1卢瑟福发现α射线……………………………………………………………………7 4.2卢瑟福提出有核原子模型………………………………………………………………8 5.总结…………………………………………………………………………………………9 参考文献 ……………………………………………………………………………………10 致谢 …………………………………………………………………………………………11 摘要：在21世纪，原子核物理学已经在人类生活，军事上都得到了广泛应用，但有多少人知道其发现的历程呢！在以牛顿理论系统建立的经典力学的大厦笼罩下，原子核物理学又是经过多少科学家的反复推导和验证诞生的呢！或许岁月的长河会掩盖住过往的尘沙，但它无法遮挡住那如黄金般闪耀的历程！Abstract：In the 21st century, nuclear physics has been in the human life, the military has been widely used, but how many people know that their findings of course! In Newtons theory of classical mechanics system set up for our shadowat, omic nucleus physics and after how many scientists of derivation and validation is born again and again! The long river of years may obscure past dust, but it cannot block the shine like gold of course! In this article, we will through the literature research and survey method and steps of scientists, to the cognitive development of nuclear physics. And emphatically based on the research of the rutherford to alpha rays, especially of alpha particles, large Angle scattering experiment, after found to experience personally the nucleus. Finally discussed the discovery and development of atoms and physical brings to the human, the advantages and disadvantages of the correct treatment of science, applied science, make our home more beautiful. Keywords: X ray radioactive alpha 引 言 在枯燥的知识传递的过程中，通过对资料的翻阅，对