研究生学术英语写作第二部分.ppt

第二部分: 学术英语写作 第一单元: 学术写作的六个思虑因素 学术写作是多种思虑因素的产物：写作对象、写作目的、组成结构、文体特征、表达连贯、宣讲 1.写作对象 要想写作成功，你需要了解读者对你的期盼是什么以及之前读者对此主题知识的了解有多少 Key to Exercise A: P.109 Text 1 is targeting an educated, but not highly specialized audience; while Text B is directed at experts. Text A provides quite a lot of background material and is careful to avoid too much technical vocabulary. Text 2 jumps right into the topic and employs quite a lot of technical terminology that most of us are not familiar with. 2. 写作目的与策略 如果写作对象对主题了解少于作者，作者的目的是教育性的。反之，则是展示作者对主题的熟悉性、专业性及知识性。 Keys to Exercise B: P.110 1. Generally educated and familiar with the topic, but not highly specialized. 2. That the readers have some notion of what an unauthorized settlement is and the kind of amenities they lack; perhaps also that the readers understand the relationship among the government, policies on housing and access to basic amenities. 3. To highlight a housing problem in Delhi, which also happens to be a common problem in other countries. 4. The author uses the word challenge to introduce the problem. 5. This effort refers to the argument that there is a need for governmental policies to address the problem. 6. The author believes that it may help to alleviate some of the housing problem. 3. 组成结构 问题—解决方法模式的四部分： (1) 描述情况 (2) 甄别问题 (3) 描述解决方法 (4) 评估解决方法 Key to Exercise C: P.111 1—2句： 描述情况 3—4句： 甄别问题 5—6句： 描述解决方法 7句： 评估解决方法 4. 文体特征 学术写作的突出特征就是选用更加正式的词汇 1) 动词 学术英语写作中通常使用单一动词 Key to Exercise D：P.111 1. brought on --- caused 2. looking into --- investigating 3. figure out --- determine 4. come up with --- develop 5. make up --- constitute 6. get rid of --- eliminate 7. gone up to --- reached 8. keep up --- maintain 9. gone down --- decreased 10. looks over --- reviews Key to Exercise E: P.112 1. created / developed 2. encountered / faced 3. raised / introduced 4. appeared / emerged 5. examined / investigated 2) 名词与其它词性：选择较正规