第三讲操作系统的结构技巧.ppt

第三讲 操作系统的结构 System Components 系统的组成部件 Operating System Services 操作系统的服务 System Calls 系统调用 System Programs 系统程序 System Structure 系统结构 Virtual Machines 虚拟机 System Design and Implementation 系统设计和实现 System Generation 系统生成 作业：7，11，12，13，14，15 Common System Components系统组成部件 Process Management 进程管理 Main Memory Management 主存管理 File Management 文件管理 I/O System Management I/O系统管理 Secondary Management 辅存管理 Networking 网络 Protection System 保护系统（安全子系统） Command-Interpreter System 命令解释系统 Process Management进程管理 A process is a program in execution. A process needs certain resources, including CPU time, memory, files, and I/O devices, to accomplish its task. 进程是处于执行中的程序。进程需要一些资源，如CPU时间，主存，文件和I/O设备来完成其任务。 The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with process management. 操作系统负责下列与进程管理有关的活动： Process creation and deletion. 进程的创建和删除 process suspension and resumption. 进程的挂起和恢复 Provision of mechanisms for: process synchronization 进程的同步 process communication进程间的通讯 Main-Memory Management主存的管理 Memory is a large array of words or bytes, each with its own address. It is a repository of quickly accessible data shared by the CPU and I/O devices. 主存（内存）可以看成是字节为单位的数组，每个单位都有独立的地址，它用来存储需要快速访问的程序和数据，主存由CPU和I/O设备共享。 Main memory is a volatile storage device. It loses its contents in the case of system failure. 主存是非永久记忆的存储设备，当系统宕机时，主存中的数据都会丢。 The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connections with memory management:操作系统负责下列与内存管理有关的活动： Keep track of which parts of memory are currently being used and by whom. 跟踪哪一部分主存由哪个进程使用。 Decide which processes to load when memory space becomes available. 当有空闲内存时，决定哪个哪个进程装载进内存。 Allocate and deallocate memory space as needed. 动态地分配和释放存储空间。 File Management文件管理 A file is a collection of related information defined by its creator. Commonly, files represent programs (both source and object forms) and data. 文件是由它的创建者定义的信息的集合。一般地说，文件表示了程序和数据。 The operating system is responsible for the following activi