高等土力学1技术报告.ppt

Advanced soil mechanics Constitutive law of soil Material components of soil classification Strength of soil Consolidation and rheology Slope stability Constitutive Law of Soil Yin Zong-ze 殷宗泽 What is constitutive law? Stress-strain relationship Stress-strain-strength relationship Stress-strain-time relationship Stress-strain-temperature relationship 2. Deformation Characteristics of Soils (1) Non-linear and non-elastic Lode angle M · plane · M X Y Octahedral plane In stress space In geometry space In space Parameter b 0 - -1 0.5 0 0 1 1 b State Influence of mean normal stress strength b — Triaxial test, axial symmetric, b = 0, σ2 = σ3 a — Plane strain test, no strain in σ2 direction, b= 0.3 ~ 0.4 , σ2 σ3 a b b a For the same σ1 and the same σ3 shape of stress-strain curve b=0 b=1.0 b=0.5 (7) Influence of consolidation stress (surrounding stress, confining pressure) Strength · · · Large grain is broken into small grains For rubble-stone, broken stone, gravel 块石 碎石 砾石 100 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 d（mm） p（%） Before test After test Gradation curve 级配曲线 * strain stress strength (1) Compression test Simple stress condition Settlement of building——one dimensional problem Confined compression test, (oedometer test) p s h e p a Coefficient of compression Void ratio 1. Stress-strain Tests linear nonlinear e e p Compression index (2) Conventional triaxial test First — cell pressure surrounding pressure confining pressure Strain components piston shaft organic glass base cylindrical cell rubber membrane cap through water apply Then — deviator stress through piston apply cylindrical sample Complicated stress state Earth dam, underground structure, harbor, excavation, etc. Extensive Hooke’s law （linear assumption） expand compress Boussinesq solution additional stress Sample is enclosed in a rubber membrane, and is put in the cylindrical cel