专业英语第二章汇总.ppt

屈维 201211440821 ENGLISH FOR BIOLOGY 目录Contents The origin of the cells 1 the barrier of membrane 2 Recognition molecules on the surface 3 The size of cell 4 Two kinds of cells 5 Control of metabolic reactions 6 fluid structures 7 Microtubules and microfilaments 8 The nucleus 9 pre-existing cell cell present in the world All living things are made up of one or more small compartments or cell. cells are capable of maintaining and repairing themselves, and usually of reproducing. Every cell present in the world today has arisen from the division of a pre-existing cell. 所有生物都是由一个或多个小隔间或细胞组成。细胞能够维持生命活动和自我修复,以及再生。在当今世界，每个细胞都来源于分裂的古老细胞。 A cell is a mass of living matter surrounded by a thin membrane (the plasma membrance)细胞膜, composed of various lipids 脂质and protein. This membrane forms a barrier 屏障between the living matter and its surroundings, allowing the many reactions of life to proceed 进行without interference 干扰from other chemicals in the environment. materials can pass in and out of cells through the plasma membrane, but the cell can control which substances物质 pass in each direction. 细胞的一系列的生命物质都由薄膜(细胞膜)包围,它由不同的脂质和蛋白质组成 细胞膜构成生命物质与细胞内其他物质间的生理屏障,许多生理反应在这里进行而不受环境中其他化学物质的干扰。 某些物质可以通过质膜进出细胞,但物质运输的方向受细胞控制。 Recognition molecules on the surface 表面识别分子of the plasma membrane allow cells to recognize each other and to sense their surroundings. They can distinguish between normal and foreign cells and substances,and can receive and respond to chemical messengers from other parts of the body. 细胞膜上的表面识别分子允许细胞间相互识别以及感知周围环境。他们能够区分正常的和外来细胞和物质,并能接收和回应身体的其他部位的化学信息。 Cells vary greatly in the size ,but the average cell is invisible to the naked eye肉眼. they are usually measured inmicrometers 微米(thousandths of a millimeter毫米).most cells are between 10 to 30 micrometers in diameter直径, a few , such as a newly fertilized bird’s egg. Some frog and fish egg and certain giant algal cells, are large enough to see with the