析出相对FeMnSiCrNi合金形状记忆效应和耐腐蚀性能影响.pdfVIP

摘 要 本文通过添加微量 C、N 和 V 三种元素，制备了含 V(CN)和 Cr23C6 两种第 二相粒子析出物的新型 FeMnSiCrNi (V-N-C)形状记忆合金。对比研究了固溶和 时效处理析出第二相粒子对该合金显微组织形貌及形状记忆效应和耐腐蚀性能 的影响机制与规律。 研究表明，时效处理后，合金的晶粒细化，孪晶缺陷减少，大量的第二相粒 子 V(CN)和 Cr23C6 在晶界、位错和层错等晶体缺陷处形核并析出。第二相粒子 的数量和尺寸随时效时间的延长而增加，晶界处析出粒子随时效的进行逐渐团聚 变大，而晶粒内部析出粒子的分布较均匀，粒子的形态主要有类球形、四方形和 棒状。 合金形状记忆效应的研究表明，时效析出的第二相粒子显著提高了合金的形 状记忆性能。时效 4 h 前，形状回复率随时效时间的延长而迅速升高，此后上升 缓慢，至时效 24 h 形状回复率达到最大值；合金的硬度在时效处理后也得到了 非常明显的改善，并随时效时间的延长表现出先增加后降低的变化趋势。 时效处理前后，合金在 0.5 M H2SO4 溶液中均表现出相似的活化溶解区和钝 化区，而时效处理使合金钝化膜的稳定性降低，时效态试样的腐蚀电流密度几乎 是固溶态试样的三倍。合金在 3.5% NaCl 溶液中的耐蚀性较差，并没有钝化现象， 主要发生了均匀腐蚀，并产生大量腐蚀坑。时效析出的第二相粒子可作为微阴极， 使其周围奥氏体的腐蚀速度加快，并且第二相粒子所占的比例越大合金就会被腐 蚀得越严重，但时效 24 h 试样的耐蚀性却有一定程度的好转，主要是因为合金 在时效 16 h 时的析出物已几乎达到饱和状态，更长时间（24 h）的时效处理可以 使第二相粒子周围元素分布的均匀性得以改善。 关键词： 形状记忆合金 时效处理 V(CN)和 Cr23C6 析出物 形状记忆效应 耐腐蚀性 ABSTRACKT The influence of aging treatment on the shape memory effect and corrosion resistance of a newly developed FeMnSiCrNi based alloy containing C, N and V elements was investigated. Results showed that V(CN) and Cr23C6 particles precipitated during aging with the nucleation sites of grain boundaries, dislocations and stacking faults, the amount and size of the particles increased with increasing aging time. The effects of the V(CN) and Cr23C6 second phases particles on microstructure, shape memory and corrosion resistance were systematically studied. After aging, the shape memory effect was significantly improved. A sharp increase of shape recovery ratio occured in the aging time from 0 h to 4 h, over which aging had little effect on shape memory effect. With the aging time prolonging, the shape recovery ratio increased slightly and steadily, and reached its maximum value at 24 h. The second phases played the key role in the corrosion behavior of the newly developed shape memory alloy. The corrosion behavior in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution was almost same for all the samples, barring a slight difference in the passivation range. In addition, the passivation cur