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一种接枝型两性壳聚糖絮凝剂的制备 及分形理论在其絮凝性能研究中的应用* 杨朕，杨琥**，程镕时 南京大学化学化工学院介观化学教育部重点实验室，高分子科学与工程系，南京 210093 关键词：接枝型两性壳聚糖絮凝剂 絮凝机理 絮凝动力学 分形理论 接枝型两性絮凝剂 Fig.1 Flocculation of Kaolin suspension by different kinds of CMC-g-PAM 絮凝试验中，以高岭土悬浊液为模拟水样，比较不同接枝率的CMC-g-PAM的絮凝效果，发现具有较高接枝率（212%）且自身不存在交联的CMC-g-PAM15具有最佳的絮凝性能（如Fig.1）。 进一步地采用分形理论[4]，通过光散射法[5]测定絮体分形结构参数——尺寸和分形维数（Fractal dimension，DF），结合传统的水体浊度和zeta电位表征，分别在酸性、中性和碱性条件下，对CMC-g-PAM15的絮凝性能进行了系统考察。结果表明:在酸性条件下，静电簇 a b Fig.2 Variation of size a and DF b of floc as a function of flocculation time for CMC-g-PAM15 at each optimal dosage at pH 4 ● , 7 ■ and 11 ▲ . 由Fig.2进一步发现，三种不同pH条件下，存在着截然不同的絮凝动力学过程： 1）酸性条件下，絮凝剂与悬浮颗粒间的异种电荷吸引作用使得高分子呈平坦状吸附在颗粒表面，因而絮凝初期絮体尺寸增长较慢；但由于吸附高分子后的颗粒表面电荷分布不均，静电簇 参考文献： Xiao J, Zhou Natural Polymer Flocculants, Chemical Industry Press: Beijing, 2005. Lu Y B, Shang Y B, Huang X, Chen A M, Yang Z, Jiang Y X, Cai J, Gu W, Qian X Z, Yang H, Cheng R S, Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research, DOI: 10.1021/ie座机电话号码. Yang H, Lu Y B, Cheng R S, Research progress on the preparation and application of amphoteric chitosan, in Davis S P Ed , Chitosan: Manufacture, Properties, and Usage, Nova Science Publishers: New York, 2011, Chapter 33. Zhou Y, Franks G V, Langmuir, 2006, 22 16 : 6775. Yu J F, Wang D S, Ge X P, Yan M Q, Yang M, Colloids Surfaces A-Physicochemical Engineering Aspects., 2006, 290 1-3 : 288 Preparation of a Novel Amphoteric Grafted Chitosan Flocculants and Evaluation of Its Flocculation Performance by Fractal Theory* Zhen Yang, Hu Yang**, Rongshi Cheng Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Department of Polymer Science Technology, School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 Abstract：Recently, extensive attention has been paid to research on natural polymer flocculants, since they have characteristics of low dose requirements, environmental-friendly, renewable and widely-sourced, in comparison with traditional inorganic and synthetic polymer flocculants. In this wo