第二章谓词逻辑-最终版分解.ppt

（五）其它公式 3.(?x)(A(x)? B(x))?(?x)A(x)?(?x)B(x) 量词的添加与删除 5. (?x)A(x) ?A(y) y是x个体域中任一元素 6. A(y) ?(?x)A(x) 7. (?x)A(x) ? (?x)A(x) 语句 何时为真 何时为假 ?x?y P(x,y) 对每一对x,y，P(x,y)均为真 有一对x,y， 使P(x,y)均为假 ?y?x P(x,y) ?x?y P(x,y) 对每个x，都有y使得 P(x,y)为真 有一个x，使P(x,y) 对每个y总是假 ?x?y P(x,y) 有一个x，使P(x,y)对所有y均为真 对每个x都有y使得 P(x,y)为假 ?x?y P(x,y) 有一对x,y使P(x,y)为真 对每一对x,y，P(x,y) 均为假 ?y?x P(x,y) (?x)(?y)A(x,y) (?y)(?x)A(x,y) (?y)(?x)A(x,y) (?y)(?x)A(x,y) (?x)(?y)A(x,y) (?x)(?y)A(x,y) (?y)(?x)A(x,y) (?x)(?y)A(x,y) (?y)(?x)A(x,y) (?x)(?y)A(x,y) (?y)(?x)A(x,y) (?y)(?x)A(x,y) (?x)(?y)A(x,y) (?x)(?y)A(x,y