16.4alternativepressingandsinteringtechniques压制.docVIP

ALTERNATIVE PRESSING AND SINTERING TECHNIQUES 压制和烧结的替代技术 The conventional press and sinter sequence is the most widely used shaping technology in powder metallurgy. Additional methods for processing PM parts are discussed in this section. 传统的压制和烧结技术在粉末冶金技术中被广泛应用。在这部分中，一些生产粉末冶金产品的其他方法将被讨论。 16.4.1 ISOSTATIC PRESSING 等静压 A feature of conventional pressing is that pressure is applied uniaxially. This imposes limitations on part geometry, because metallic powders do not readily flow in directions perpendicular to the applied pressure. Uniaxial pressing also leads to density variations in the compact after pressing. In isostatic pressing, pressure is applied from all directions against the powders that are contained in a flexible mole; hydraulic pressure is used to achieve compaction. Isostatic pressing takes two alternative forms ; 1 cold isostatic pressing and 2 hot isostatic pressing. 传统的压制技术特征是压力的方向是单向的。这是压制技术的一个局限性，因为金属粉末不可能轻易流向垂直于压力作用的方向。冲压导致工件的密度不均匀。等静压技术是应用液压力使各个方向压力都一致，从而获得成型工件的技术。等静压包括冷等静压和热等静压两种方式。 Cold isostatic pressing CIP involves compaction performed at room temperature. The mold, made of rubber or other elastomer material, is oversized to compensate for shrinkage. Water or oil is used to provide the hydrostatic pressure against the mold inside the chamber. Figure 16.14 illustrates the processing sequence in cold isostatic pressing. Advantages of CIP include more uniform density, less expensive tooling, and greater applicability to shorter production runs. Good dimensional accuracy is difficult to achieve in siostatic pressing because of the flexible mold. Consequently, subsequent finish shaping operations are often required to obtain the required dimensions, either before or after sintering. 冷等静压是在室温下进行压制。冷等静压使用的模子是用橡胶或者弹性材料制作而成的，这样有利于抵消工件的收缩。水或者油是模腔内常用的用于提供静水压的液体。图16.14所示为冷等静压的处理顺序。冷等静压的优势包括制作出来的材料具有均匀的密度、工具比较便宜、较短的流水线却有较强的适用性。由于注塑软模具的存在，好的尺寸精度的工件是很难获得的。因此，在进行冷等静压处理前后还是需要进行烧结处理的。 Figure 16.14（1）粉末被放在注塑软模具中（2）注入流体（3）压力降低，工件被拿出 Hot isostatic press