lesson 20 The Hydraulic System and Equipment.pptx

Lesson 20 The Hydraulic System and Equipment 液压系统和设备 Hydraulic systems are made up of an oil tank, pumps, control valves, hydraulic motor and pipe work. The oil tank and pump are common(共有的) to all equipment acting as a central pumping unit. Three different basic circuits are used, employing either low or medium pressure oil supplies. The open loop circuit takes oil from the tank and pumps it through a control valve into the hydraulic motor. The exhaust oil returns to the tank and in neutral（中位） the oil bypasses the hydraulic motor. The live line circuit maintains a high pressure from which the control valve draws pressurized oil to the hydraulic motor as and when required. The closed loop circuit has the exhaust oil returned to the pump suction. The pump is of the variable delivery type, providing maximum flexibility in oil supply to the equipment. Low pressure system use the open loop circuit and are simple in design as well as reliable. The equipment is however large, inefficient in operation and overheats after prolonged use.  Medium pressure systems are favored for marine application using either the open or closed circuit. Smaller installations are of the open loop circuit type. Many reasons can be suggest for the use of hydraulic systemsMarine engineering: (a) A convenient method of transferring power（传动） over relatively long distance from, say,  a central pump room to remote（遥远的） operating sites in the ship: where necessary, complete local control of operations can be achieved; (b) Fully variable speed control（无极变速） of both linear（直线的） and rotary motion, with good “inching” capability（微速性能） and smooth take up of load;  in all cases power is continuously transmitted whilst speed changes take place; (c) High st