Casting of Steel.ppt

Two Main Processes for Casting of Steel - Ingot Casting - Continuous Casting 所設置冒口之目的有三: ?減少縮口深度。 ?減少介在物滯留於鋼液之中。 ?減少偏折與鬚狀結晶。 冒口 Problems -Mold powder deterioration -↑Quarter-point inclusions -Inferior surface cleanliness -Abnormal surface cracking Reason: ↑ Turbulence of surface slag layer as steel level in tundish↓. Also, vortex formed adjacent to the stopper rod. Solution: Place a circular ring around the stopper rod before starting the cast. The ring free-float at the slag/metal interface as the tundish level is raised or lowered and prevent vortex formation. Parameters that affect the flow patterns and slag injection in the mold -Mold width: As mold width↓ ?Surface turbulence↑ ?Vortex formation in the proximity of shroud↑ ?Slag injection↑ -Argon flow rate: Argon flow rate↑ ?Surface turbulence↑ ?Open up surface slag layer ?Slag injection ↑ Argon flow rate should be 1.5 -Port angle and submerge depth: Use bifurcated down ports (25°) and an extended shroud (↑ Submerge depth) Give quiescent surface ? Slag injection↓ Lecture-steel-casting Lecture-steel-casting Casting of Steel - Transform the molten steel into solid form for the subsequent processing of the steel, mainly rolling. Ingot Casting - Mainly for specialty steel (such as die steel) of small quantity Mold is usually made of cast iron and coated before casting Solidification Microstructure of Ingot Casting figure Chill zone: small equiaxed grains due to high cooling rate and large number of nuclei from mold wall. Columnar zone: grains are larger in size, elongated in shape, with their lengths parallel to the heat flow direction (normal to the mold walls). These grains have a very strong preferred orientation along their long axis. Central zone: larger equiaxed grains of random orientation. The nuclei of these grains are usually dendrite segments broken from columnar grains by mechanical force or remelting. Both mechanisms may be caused by