009-P2U1B-Transfer Function.pptVIP

* * P2U1B The Transfer Function and the Laplace Transformation 传递函数和拉普拉斯变换 The Transfer Function Concept If the input-output relationship of the linear system of Fig. 2-1B-1 is known, the characteristics of the system itself are also known. The input-output relationship in the Laplace domain is called the transfer function (TF or G Gain). By definition, the transfer function of a component or system is the ratio of the transformed output to the transformed input: (2-1B-1) P2U1B The Transfer Function and the Laplace Transformation 传递函数和拉普拉斯变换 This definition of the transfer function requires the system to be linear and stationary, with continuous variables and with zero initial conditions. The transfer function is most useful when the system is also lumped parameter and when transport lags are absent or neglected. Under these conditions the transfer function itself can be expressed as a ratio of two polynomials in the complex Laplace variable s, or (2-1B-2) For physical systems, N(s) will be of lower order than D(s) since nature integrates rather than differentiates. It will be shown later that a frequency transfer function (FTF) for use in the frequency domain can be obtained by replacing the Laplace variable s in the transfer function by j?t. P2U1B The Transfer Function and the Laplace Transformation 传递函数和拉普拉斯变换 In Eq. (2-1B-2) the denominator D(s) of the transfer function is called the characteristic function since it contains all the physical characteristics of the system. The characteristic equation is formed by setting D(s) equal to zero. The roots of the characteristic equation determine the stability of the system and the general nature of the transient response to any input. The numerator polynomial N(s) is a function of how the input enters the system. Consequently, N(s) does not affect the absolute stability or the number or nature of the transient modes. It does, however, along with the specific input, determine the magnitude a