1911年以来南中国基塘区的凤眼莲.docVIP

2012 年全国农学博士后学术论坛论文集（福州，2012.7.12~14） 1911 年以来南中国基塘区的凤眼莲  周  晴 华南农业大学人文学院，广州，510642 摘要：本文通过查找相关历史文献与档案资料，发现大约 1910 年以后凤眼莲曾入侵浙江省杭嘉湖平原水网河道，1910 年代 以来凤眼莲也是珠三角地区十分常见的水生植物。1910—1950 年代基塘农业是这两个地区的典型农业经营模式，凤眼莲在 这两个地区都曾被利用来做有机肥。1950 年代末期至 1970 年代当地政府曾推广了凤眼莲的栽培技术并进行大规模养植，但 人民公社时期的广积肥运动控制了凤眼莲的繁殖。1980 年代以来生态农业经营模式普遍被废弃、河网湿地水文生态环境恶 化是凤眼莲入侵南中国基塘区的主要原因。 关键词：凤眼莲；桑基鱼塘；杭嘉湖平原；珠江三角洲；湿地；入侵 Eichhornia crassipes in the Dike-Pond District of South China Since 1910 ZHOU QING （School of Humanities and Low, South China Agricultural University, Canton, Guangdong510642, China） Abstract: By searching for related historical documents and files, we found Eichhornia crassipes invaded the Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou plain water-network and channels about 1910, and E.crassipes was was an ordinary aquatic plants in the Pearl River Delta region since 1910. The dike-pond is a typical organic cycling farming systems in the two regions between 1910s’ and 1950s’, when farmers generally took the E.crassipes as organic fertilizer. Although the local government committed to popularize some cultivation techniques of E.crassipes in the late 1950s to the 1970s meanwhile farmers raised the plant on the large scale, E.crassipes was able to controlled under the peoples commune systems. But since the 1980s, the dike –pond ecological farming systems were generally abandoned river, and the wetland hydrological environments deteriorated ,these are the main reasons for the E.crassipes invasion of the South China. Key words: Eichhornia crassipes; Mulberry dike-pond; Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou plain; Pearl river delta; Wetlands; Biological invation 1 引言 凤眼莲[Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms Laub.]为雨久花科（Pontederiaceae）凤眼蓝属（Eichhornia Kunth）多年生浮水草本植物，有水浮莲、水葫芦、洋雨久花等别名（颜素珠，1983）。在广东地区又被称 为洋水仙。目前中国的长江三角洲的杭嘉湖平原和珠江三角洲地区都是凤眼莲入侵十分严重的区域，长三 角的杭嘉湖平原和珠三角的核心地区顺德、南海一带又是入侵最严重的地区。这两个区域传统时代都是中 国典型的水网平原地区和经典的生态农业模式——基塘农业集中的地区（钟功甫等，1993）。20 世纪初凤 眼莲已经是这两个地区十分常见的水生植物，但一直到 1980 年代，这两个地区都没有出现大规模凤眼莲 入侵。本文以百年为尺度，通过分析 20 世纪凤眼莲在两个地区桑