第一语言的学习.pptVIP

Theoretical approach to explain first language learning Behaviorism: say what I say Traditional behaviorists believed that language learning is the result of imitation, practice, feed back on success, and habit formation Analyzing children’s speech Transcription conversation Peter (24 month years old) (Peter is playing with dump truck while two adults, Patsy and Lois, look on) Peter: Get more Lois: you are goanna put more wheels in the dump truck? Peter: Dump truck. Wheels. Dump truck Patsy: what happened to the truck? Peter: lose it. Dump truck! Dump truck! Dump truck! Fall! Fall! Peter (25month years old) (Peter, patsy, and Lois are playing with pencil and paper )  Peter : (indicating he wants Patsy to draw)  Lois. Lois too. Patsy. Lois too!Patsy: you want me to make a car? Ok. Patsy: (Patsy draw a tiny car like Loiss)  Oh, you want Lois to have some paper Peter: Lois have some paper? * 组员：李晶晶，冯锦海，赵智慧，马腾飞 Children imitate the sound and patterns which they hear around them. When they encourage by the environment, they continue to imitate and practice until they form ‘habit’ of correct language use. So environment have an effect on the child’s success in language learning. The behaviorists view imitation and practice as primary processes in language development Imitation：word –for- word repetition of all or part of somebody else’s utterance . Mother: would you like some bread and peanut butter? Katie: Some bread and peanut butter. Practice: Repetitive manipulation of form. Michel: I can handle it. Hannah can handle it. We can handle it. It is easy to see that Peter imitates a great deal. However, it should be stressed that not all children imitate to extant that Peter does. Some 30-40 percent of Peters speech consists of imitation. It is also important to note that children’s imitations are not random; they do not imitate everything they hear. The choice of wh