Lesson two The Emotive Component of Meaning.docVIP

Lesson Ten: The Emotive Component of Meaning by Louis B. Salomon From?Semantics and Common Sense Warming Up ????????What do these words mean (literal/implied)? ???Dove: a bird of the pigeon family; a symbol of peace; a person who prefers peace to war. ????Hawk: a strong fast bird of prey; a symbol of force; a person who supports the use of military force to solve problems. ???Man: male human being; strong, brave. ???Woman: female human being; tender, caring.? ????????What is your reaction to these words? ???shit: disgusting ???traitor: revulsion ???desk: nothing ???because: nothing Denotation and Connotation Denotation: The referent that the word names; The most literal and limited meaning of a word or phrase. Connotation: Whatever is suggested beyond what is actually said; The emotive or affective component of a linguistic expression. ??????????lion: a kind of large meat-eating animal; fierce; wild; cruel; powerful. ??????????snake: length, poison, death; disgusting, fear ??????????crow: black; disgust, sorrow. Meaning: Denotation + Connotation Modern Semantics Connotation: Denotative meaning (linguistic meaning,?认知意义) + connotative meaning (emotive meaning,?内涵意义). Words with/without Emotion words that carry emotion ????????honesty, courage, traitor, deceit ????????love, hate, fear, joy, sorrow, damn, shit ????????sincere, hypocritical, wonderful, skinny words that do not carry emotion ????????in, on, at, within ????????so, but, since, because, though ????????a, an, the ????????he, she, my, mine ????????book, lamp, desk, window, door ????????add, subtract, swim, run, read Main Idea of Each Paragraph ????????P1: Words with/without emotion. Most words have connotative (emotive) meanings apart from denotative (literal) meanings. ????????P2: Words bearing the same idea have different shades of meaning, and the user of a language loads words with his own feelings. ????????P3: Words that have different denotation bear different flavors, --- commendatory, derogator or neu