第三章第六节 钴缺乏症.ppt

第六节、钴缺乏症Section 6 Cobalt Deficiency 一、定义 Definition 钴缺乏症是由于饲料和稻草中钴缺乏或不足，以及维生素B12合成因子受到阻碍， A disease of ruminants ingesting a diet deficient in cobalt, Required for the synthesis of VB12. 在临床上是以厌食、消瘦和贫血等为主征的慢性代谢病。 Characterized clinically by: Inappetence (厌食), Gradual loss of body weight, Anemia or anaemia(贫血), Effects on reproductive performance. 本病属世界性地方病之一,反刍动物容易发病. Worldwide where soils are deficient incobalt. 土壤中钴含量:0.2-18mg/Kg(DM) The concentration of cobalt in the soil(0.2~18mg/KgDM) 长期放牧在钴缺乏土壤(钴含量在0.25 mg/kg以下)的牧草场地或持续性饲喂钴缺乏(0.04-0.07mg/kg干重)草类或稻草的牛群，多有发病。 Grazing on pastures in the soil (containing less than 0.25 mg/kg cobalt )with deficient cobalt for long period Persistently feed pastures or straw containing less than 0.07 and 0.04 mg/kg DM Result in clinical disease in sheep and cattle 凡阻碍奶牛瘤胃内发酵过程中合成维生素B12的因子或疾病，可导致钴缺乏。 Resulting in a deficiency of vitamin B12. 三、流行病学 Epidemiology 主要是牛、绵羊多发，幼龄动物比成年动物常发 　Occurs primarly in cattle and sheep, 　Cattlesheep，lambs、calvesadults 杂食动物和食肉动物不发生 　Unlikely to occur in pigs, or in other omnivores (不偏食的) or carnivores(食肉动物) 钴含量与季节有关 　Variations in the cobalt content with seasonal. 四、发病机理 Pathogenesis 1.钴是反刍兽必需的微量无素，在体内储量有限； Cobalt is unique as an essential trace element in ruminant nutrition it is stored in the body in limited amounts only and not in all tissues 2.钴只有在反刍动物瘤胃中，才能发挥其生物学作用：钴是维生素B12的 组成成分； Its only known function is in the rumen to participate in the production of vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin氰钴维生素) 四、发病机理 Pathogenesis 3.缺钴影响纤维素的消化和能量代谢：缺钴导致VB12合成障碍。 deficiency in Cobalt,effect on digestion of fibrin and energy metabolism result in hindrance of the synthesis of VB12 4.可代偿性促进造血：钴可以加速体内贮存铁的动员，抑制许多呼吸酶活性，刺激红细胞生成素的合成。 accelerate haematogenesis 造血作用 accelerate mobilization of iron reserved in body 5.改善锌的吸收，缺钴引起厌食、异食等。 improve absorbption of zinc, result in anorexia厌食、pica异食癖 五、临床症状 Signs 食欲减退;Inappetencev 消瘦;Loss of body weight; 苍白;Marked pallor o