my work.ppt

author： 泥石流小讲 泥石流有多种类型，这里主要指暴雨型泥石流。在山区由于暴雨，使山谷中积存的松散岩土体向下游开阔地带倾泻的一种突发性洪流，又称山洪泥流。泥石流中固体物质的体积含量一般超过15％最多可达70—80％，是碎屑与水组成的高容量相混合体。泥石流具有爆发突然，历时短暂，冲击力大等特点，往往直接危害着工农业生产和人们的生活。 Phenomenon There are many different types of debris flow type mainly refers to the rain here. In the mountain valley, due to the storm laid to loose rock downstream open areas of a sudden pouring stream, and say landslides mudslides. The volume of material flow of solid content exceeds 15% commonly at 70-80%, and the water is composed of clastic two-phase mixture of high density. Mudslides have outbreaks, brief, sudden impact and often directly threatened industrial and agricultural production and the life of people. 泥石流形成的因素可分自然因素和人为因素。自然因素如地形地貌、地质构造、水文气象、暴雨激发等；人为因素如乱砍滥伐森林、不当的开挖、堆积等活动，会促进泥石流的发生和发展。在具备泥石流发生的地质和地形相同条件时，降雨的特征往是决定因素。人为活动往往为泥石流的形成起了扩大和加快的作用，有时也会变为主导 。 reason The factors of forming debris flow can be divided into natural factors and human factors. Natural factors such as terrain, meteorological and hydrological, geological structure, etc.; the rains arouse Man-made factors such as overcutting forest, improper excavation, accumulation, will promote the activities of the origin and development of the debris. In the geological and flow with the same condition, the terrain of rainfall characteristics to be the deciding factor. People tend to formation of debris flow activities within the expanded and accelerate, sometimes also can become dominant. 泥石流防治，应以防为主，开展预防监测，宣传普及泥石流的知识，重视制止诱发泥石流的人为活动，保护山地生态环境，防患于未然。开展坡面治理，搞好水土保持，实行合理耕作活动，从根本上解决泥石流的灾害。对易发生泥石流地区的工程防护措施主要是： 稳:用排水、拦挡、护坡等稳住松散物质、滑塌体及坡面 残积物； 拦:在中上游设置谷坊或拦挡坝，拦截泥石流固体物； 排:在泥石流流通段采取排导渠(槽)使泥石流顺畅下排； 停:在泥石流出口有条件的地方设置停淤场，避免堵塞河 道； 封:即封山育林，退耕还林。造林增加植被复盖率。 Prevention and control measures Stability: use, etc LanDang drainage, steady and slumping loose material, CanJi slope surface; Elam: in GuFang Settings or LanDang ethnics-people of debris solids, interception, Row: in the debris flow guide to row (for) that debris flow channel