stars1.pptVIP

Stars - Stellar Populations Stars can be grouped by various populations. The most obvious being star cluster: globular clusters and open clusters. Globular Clusters Open Clusters More specifically stars can be divided by main population based on metallicity. Population I stars - new stars that contain numerous heavy metals in their atmosphere Population II stars - old stars that contain little heavy metals in their atmosphere When astronomers think about metals, they are not referring to iron and nickel（镍） (while they certainly are metals). To an astronomer, any element heavier than helium（氦） is considered a metal. The main reason for this is that the only element that existed in the early Universe was hydrogen（氢） and helium. Other heavier elements were formed in the process of stellar evolution. Some characteristics between a Population II star versus a Population I star is: Population II stars burn hotter Population II stars burn faster Astronomers believe this has to do with the opacity（不透明） of the stellar atmosphere. More metals mean a more opaque atmosphere in a Population I means less energy escapes (when compared to Population II stars anyway). So how does a Population I star contain metal when a Population II star does not? We will cover this in stellar evolution, but much of the heavy elements in our Universe today is created when a giant star end its life in a supernova（超新星）. The intense heat for this creates in the upper atmosphere （高层大气）of stars much of the elements we know - like iron, gold, even fluoride（氟化物） (yes, the same stuff in your toothpaste). These elements disperse themselves to nearby molecular clouds. （分子云）When that cloud undergoes contraction（收缩） and give birth to a new star, the end result is a Population I star - one that is now metal rich. One consequence of a metal rich star is that they are likely to contain a system of planets（行星）! * 星族：银河系中部分恒星的集合 星团 球状星团 疏散星团 、 They are generally comprised of