能源、气候变化与农村发展energy,climatechangeandrural.pptVIP

Hongpeng Liu United nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Beijing High-Level Conference on Climate Change: Technology Development and Technology Transfer 7-8 November 2008, Beijing China Policy Interventions to Promote Transfer of Publicly-Funded Environmentally Sound Technologies in Asia and the Pacific Environmentally Sound Technologies (ESTs)? Agenda 21: Chapter 34 ESTs protect the environment, are less polluting, use all resources in a more sustainable manner, recycle more of their wastes and products, and handle residual wastes in a more acceptable manner than the technologies for which they were substitutes ESTs are not just individual technologies, but total systems which include know-how, procedures, goods and services, and equipments as well as organisational and managerial procedures. Abatement Technologies (Treat waste/pollutant) Substitution Technologies (Substitute renewable input) Prevention Technologies (Prevent generation of waste/pollutant) Conservation Technologies (Conserve ecosystems) Restoration Technologies (Rehabilitate deterioration from human interference) Adaptation Technologies (Adapt to unavoidable environmental change) CDM=Finance + Technology? Norway France Netherlands Austria EU 15 Great Britain USA Germany OECD Ireland FINLAND Denmark Sweden Japan ESTs that are either in full or in part based on the findings from publicly-funded (direct or indirect) 1) Mostly government contributes indirectly to all research, through tax system and research infrastructure investments 2) Through requirements for co-investment, public funding leads or follows private investment, leading to co-ownership 3) Governments forego IPR claims to encourage application and as returns will come from improved national competitiveness when research findings are applied Publicly funded ESTs Public sector’s share of total RD funding Source: Eurostat The Role of Government Enabler/Broker/Matchmaker Fulfill its commitments F