cultural dimensions.pptVIP

* * Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions “ Culture is more often a source of conflict than of synergy. Cultural differences are a nuisance at best and often a disaster.” --- Prof. Geert Hofstede www.geerthofstede.nl * * Hofstede’s Four Cultural Dimensions : Ⅰ Power Distance（权力距离） Ⅱ Uncertainty Avoidance（不确定性规避） Ⅲ Individualism vs. Collectivism（个人主义和集体主义） Ⅳ Masculinity vs. Femininity （刚柔性） * * Ⅰ Power Distance Index (PDI) Power Distance Index (PDI) is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. High Power Distance vertical（纵向的） Low Power Distance horizontal（水平的） * * Power Distance :  Country Examples and Organizational Implications 分权 扁平化组织 监控者少 工资差距小 工作平等 集权 金字塔组织 监控者多 工资差距大 工作不平等 分权 扁平化组织 监控者少 工资差距小 工作平等 集权 金字塔组织 监控者多 工资差距大 工作不平等 Tips: Low PD High PD Use teamwork Acknowledge a leaders power Involve as many people as possible in decision making Be aware that you may need to go to the top for answers * * * * Ⅱ Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) relates to the degree of anxiety society members feel when in uncertain or unknown situations. Uncertainty Avoidance 1. minimize the possibility of such situations by strict laws and rules, safety and security measures 2. on the philosophical and religious level by a belief in absolute Truth 3. more emotional, and motivated by inner nervous energy Uncertainty Tolerance 1. tolerant of opinions different from what they are used to; they try to have as few rules as possible 2. on the philosophical and religious level they are relativist and allow many currents to flow side by side. 3. more phlegmatic and contemplative, and not expected by their environment to express emotions. * * Uncertainty avoidance :  Country Examples and Organizational Implications 较少的结构性活动 更少的明文规定 更多通才 多样化 承担风险意愿较强 较少仪式性行为 较少的结构性活动 更少的明文规定 更多通才 多样化 承