专业外语2.pptVIP

Secondary properties Elongation and Recovery Resiliency （回弹性） Thermal Properties Flammability Abrasion Resistance Miscellaneous Properties ★(14) The study of form and shape of a substance is called morphology（形态学，形态，组织，结构）. For fibers, this study may be both macroscopic and microscopic. The macroscopic structure can be studied without magnification. Fiber length, color, luster, and crimp usually are macroscopic properties. The study of fiber surfaces and cross-sectional shape requires the use of a microscope. The techniques for microscopic evaluation of textile fibers are described in Chapter 14. ★(15) Linear density, expressed in terms of denier, tex, and decitex分特is the most common method for comparing fiber fineness. As noted earlier, denier is the weight in grams of 9000 meters of a fiber or yarn. Tex is the weight in grams of 1000 meters (1 kilometer) of a fiber or yarn, and decitex is the weight in grams of 10.000 meters of fiber or yarn. The term microdenier（细旦） is used for those fibers smaller than 1 denier. Denier is the older and more widely used term. Tex and decitex are easier to calculate and will probably become the units of preference, Tex units are already used widely for describing yarns, Decitex, abbreviated dtex is often used in Europe and Japan to describe single fibers; the numerical values are comparable to those for denier. The following example illustrates the relationship among the three units; if 9000 meters of a manmade fiber weigh 9 grams, the fiber is a 9-denier fiber; 1000 meters of the fiber would weigh 1 gram, so the fiber is 1 tex;10,000 meters of the fiber would weigh 10 grams, so the fiber is 10 dtex. Sheer nylon hosiery frequently is made from a nylon fiber with a linear density of 9 denier,1 tex,Or 10 dtex. Because most fibers are quite similar in density, it is not uncommon to compare deniers directly and make the assumption that, say, a 9-denier nylon is finer than a 12-denier polyester. (16)Luster The gloss, sheen（光辉）, or