shenyan.pptVIP

* Intermediate Econometrics Yan Shen Alternate approach to derivation推导方法二 Given the intuitive idea of fitting a line, we can set up a formal minimization problem. That is, we want to choose our parameters such that we minimize the following: 正式解一个最小化问题，即通过选取参数而使下列值最小： * Intermediate Econometrics Yan Shen Alternate approach, continued推导方法二 If one uses calculus to solve the minimization problem for the two parameters you obtain the following first order conditions, which are the same as we obtained before, multiplied by n, and these two equations are often called First-order conditions. 如果直接解上述方程我们得到下面两式，这两个式子等于前面两式乘以n * Intermediate Econometrics Yan Shen Alternate approach, continued推导方法二 Why not minimizing some other functions of the residuals? For example, the absolute values of the residuals. Cannot easily obtain formulas for the resulting estimators Therefore the statistical theory studying properties of such estimators is very complicated. * Intermediate Econometrics Yan Shen . . . . y4 y1 y2 y3 x1 x2 x3 x4 } } { { ?1 ?2 ?3 ?4 x y Sample regression line, sample data points and the associated estimated error terms 样本回归线，样本数据点和相关的误差估计项 * Intermediate Econometrics Yan Shen Population Regression Line and Sample Regression Line Population regression line is unknown in the population, but unique. Sample regression line is the estimated version of the population regression function E(y|x)= b0 +b1 x. Because SRF (Sample Regression Function) is obtained for a given sample data, a new sample will generate a different slope. * Intermediate Econometrics Yan Shen Take-Home Points The critical assumption: zero conditional mean assumption. Take time to understand the conditional mean assumption. 关键假定是条件期望零值。思想其含义。 How to estimate the unknown parameters b0 and b1 using a random sample, what are the introduced two methods? 介绍两种通过随机样本的数据估计斜率和截距的参数值的方法。 Understand the difference between population regression line and sample regression line. * Intermediate Econometric