车辆工程专业英语期末复习.docVIP

1.??The?internal?combustion?engine?is?most?common:?this?obtains?its?power?by?burning?a?liquid?fuel?inside?the?engine?cylinder.?There?are?two?types?of?engine:?gasoline?and?diesel?.Both?engines?are?called?heat?engines;?the?burning?fuel?generates?heat?which?causes?the?gas?inside?the?cylinder?to?increase?its?pressure?and?supply?power?to?rotate?a?shaft?connected?to?the?power?train?.? 内燃机是最常见的，其动力来自气缸里液体燃料的燃烧。发动机有汽油机和柴油机两种，都称为热机。燃料燃烧产生热量，气缸内气体压力升高，从而提供动力，带动连接传动系的轴旋转。2.?The?purpose?of?the?complete?suspension?system?is?to?isolate?the?vehicle?body?from?road?shocks?and?vibrations,?which?will?otherwise?be?transferred?to?the?passengers?and?load.?It?must?also?keep?the?tires?in?contact?with?the?road?regardless?of?road?surface.?? 悬架系统的作用是隔离来自路面的的冲击和振动，防止它们传递给乘客和货物。另外不管路面如何，悬架系统都应该保持轮胎和路面的接触。? 3.?Drum?brakes?have?a?drum?attached?to?the?wheel?hub,?and?braking?occurs?by?means?of?brake?shoes?expanding?against?the?inside?of?the?drum.?With?disc?brakes,?a?disc?attached?to?the?wheel?hub?is?clenched?between?two?brake?pads.?? 在鼓式制动器上，制动鼓和轮毂连接，制动蹄张开压紧制动鼓内侧从而产生制动。在盘式制动器上，两个制动块之间的制动盘连接着轮毂。 4.??Engine?block:? The?engine?block?is?the?basic?frame?of?the?engine.?All?other?engine?parts?either?fit?inside?it?or?fasten?to?it.?It?holds?the?cylinders,?water?jackets,?and?oil?galleries.?? The?engine?block?also?holds?the?crankshaft,?which?fastens?to?the?bottom?of?the?block.?The?camshaft?also?fits?inside?the?block,?except?on?overhead-cam-engines? OHC .?? In?most?cars,?this?block?is?made?of?gray?iron,?or?an?alloy?of?gray?iron?and?other?metals,?such?as?nickel?or?chromium.?? 气缸体是发动机的基体。发动机其它的部件都安装在缸体内或固定在缸体上，它包含了气缸、水套和油道，以及固定在缸体底部的曲轴等。除凸轮轴顶置发动机外，凸轮轴也装在汽缸体中．大多数汽车汽缸体由灰铸铁或灰铸铁与其它金属如镍、铬的合金制造而成。 6.?Cylinder?head:? The?cylinder?head?carries?the?valves,?valve?springs?and?the?rockers?on?the?rocker?shaft,?this?part?of?the?valve?gear?being?worked?by?push-rods? 缸盖上装有气门、气门弹簧和摇臂轴上的摇臂，推杆推动这部分气门传动机构工作。 Energy?and?Power:? Engines?used?in?automobiles?are?internal?combustion?heat?engines.?They?convert?the?chemical?energy?of?the?