5.Cargo Transportation.ppt

三、海运单 海运单（Sea Waybill, SWB）是不具有物权凭证性质的海上货运单。是承运人接管货物的收据，不能流通转让。 使用程序： 船公司签发海运单给托运人； 船公司在船舶到达卸货港前约一周时间，向海运单上的收货人发出到货通知； 收货人签署到货通知，并退还给船代理； 船代理据以签发提货单给收货人； 船抵港后，收货人凭提货单提货。 与提单相比，海运单具有提货方便、费用节省、便于防止假单据欺诈、便于利用电子传输系统等优点。这使得海运单的使用范围逐渐扩大。1990年6月，国际海事委员会通过了《1990年国际海事委员会海运单统一规则》。 SEIB OF GDUFS * 5.4 Shipment clause in the sales contract time of shipment vs. time of delivery for shipment contracts time of shipment = time of delivery for all arrival contracts time of shipment ≠ time of delivery 一、装运（交货）期 在CIF、CFR、CIP、CPT等4个象征性交货贸易术语下，货物卖方只要在装运港（启运地）将货物装上船（交给承运人），交货责任即告完成。这里，装运期（Time of Shipment）与交货期（Time of Delivery）是一致的。 而在其他7个实际交货的贸易术语下，交货时间和装运时间是不同的。 SEIB OF GDUFS * 5.4 Shipment clause in contract Stipulating methods specifying a fixed period of time or a deadline Shipment is to be made during January/February/March 2011 Shipment not later than 31st July, 2011 setting a time period upon receipt of payment Shipment is to be made within 30 days after receipt of the L/C. The relevant L/C must reach the seller not later than 30th June, 2011. CIF、CFR海运象征性交货的贸易术语装运期的规定 （一）规定具体的装运（交货）期限 1．限某月某日以前装运（交货） 例如，6月30日前装运/交货（Shipment/ Delivery before June 30）。 2．限某月或跨月装运（交货） 例如，3月份装运/交货（shipment/ Delivery during March）；7/8月装运/交货（Shipment / Delivery during July/August）。 （二）规定收到信用证后一定时间内装运（交货） 这种方法对卖方履行合同不利 （三）装运（交货）术语 由于这些术语在国际上并无统一的解释，应避免使用。 SEIB OF GDUFS * 5.4 Shipment clause in contract Issues concerning time of shipment Sufficiency in terms of availability of goods availability of shipping space Payment Normally L/C should arrive at least 15 days before the time of shipment to allow time for examining and modifying L/C Flexibility: avoid “shipment on May 15th” Clarity avoid wording like “Immediate shipment”, “Prompt shipment”, “Shipment as soon as possible” etc. 规定装运期应考虑以下一些因素： 1．货源情况 2．运输情况 3．商品情况 SEIB OF GDUFS * 5.4 Shipment clause in contract Issues concerning port of shipment and destination: close to the origin of the goods considering port fac