黑龙江省丰林保护区有效管理的展望(精选).docVIP

黑龙江省丰林保护区有效管理的展望* 王献溥 于顺利# （中国科学院植物研究所植被和环境变化重点实验室，北京 100093）ang Xianpu Yu Shunli (Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Changes, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093) Abstract Belonging to Xiaoxinganling Mountain, Fenglin Reserve in Yichun City possesses large area of korean pine and broadleaf mixed forests, where the forests are best preserved. It is the pride and essence site of Yichun city, which is chosen as an urbant forest ecological conservation and sustainable development model by the first Global Human Living Environment Forum in 2005 UN, needing it to show own style and features, so it should help to establish it as own example. Fenglin reserve also needs to strive for support and leadership of local communities and government and implement co-management system with them, being enabled to solve diverse difficulties, being always in an invincible position. The paper deals with these problems and proposes some suggestions for reference of related departments. Key words Korean pine and broadleaf mixed forest, Biosphere Reserve, Biodiversity, Ecological conservation and sustainable development model. 2007年9月24—28日，笔者等有机会参加中国人与生物圈国家委员会所组织的对丰林保护区加入世界生物圈保护区网络10周年的评估会议，了解到一些问题，特写此文，供有关方面参考。 1 基本特点 丰林保护区位于小兴安岭南坡中段北缘，处于北纬48o02ˊ- 48o12ˊ，东经128o59ˊ- 129o15ˊ之间，属伊春市五营区管辖范围，总面积18165.4公顷。保护区始建于1958年，1988年底批准国家级自然保护区，1993年加入中国生物圈保护区网络，1997年入联合国文组织世界生物圈保护区网络，至今已整整10年。所在地气候受西伯利亚寒冷高压气流的影响，冬季寒冷干旱，夏季湿润多雨，年平均气温-0.5℃，最冷月(1月)平均气温-25℃左右，绝对最低气温可达-45℃，最热月(7月)平均气温20℃以上，绝对最高气温可到37℃，冬夏气温相差很大，无霜期100-125天，年水量500-00mm，集中在6-8月份期间，占70-80%。小兴安岭山地温带地区地带性植被类型以红松为主的针阔混交林保存面积最大最为完整，经常伴随红松(Pinus koraiesis)一起的林木有：红皮云杉(Picea koraiensis)、鱼鳞片云杉(Picea jeoensis)、落叶松(Larix gmelin)、嗅冷杉(Abies nephrolepis)、紫椴(Tilia cordata)、水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)、黄蘖(Phellodendron amurense)、色木槭(Acer mono)、青楷槭(Acer tegmentosum)、花楷槭(Acer uurunduense)、枫桦(Betula costata)、香杨(Populus kareana)、春榆(Ulmus propinua)、核桃楸(Juglands mandshurica)、怀槐(Maackia amurensis)、花楸(Sorbus pohuashanensis)和