固态通风发酵设备.docVIP

Solid state fermentation bioreactors The design of an efficient industrial-level reactor for Solid state fermentation （SSF） is of significance because submerged fermentation（SmF） is more environmentally friendly than SmF. However, it shows considerable drawbacks such as transfer resistance, steep gaseous concentration and heat gradients that develop within the medium bed, which may adversely affect solid-state fermentor performances. Agitation and rotation in SSF were often carried out to improve mass and heat transfers, but the shearing force caused by agitation and rotation has adverse effects on medium porosity and disrupts fungal mycelia. There are four types of reactors to perform SSF processes and each in their own design tries to make conditions more favourable for fermentation under solid state conditions. The bioreactors commonly used, which can be distinguished by the type of aeration or the mixed system employed, include the following: Tray: It consists of flat trays. The substrate is spread onto each tray forming a thin layer, only a few centimeters deep. The reactor is kept in a chamber at constant temperature through which humidified air is circulated Fig. 1 . The main disadvantage of this configuration is that numerous trays and large volume are required, making it an unattractive design for large-scale production. Packed-bed: It is usually composed of a column of glass or plastic with the solid substrate retained on a perforated base. Through the bed of substrate humidified air is continuously forced. It may be fitted with a jacket for circulation of water to control the temperature during fermentation Fig. 2 . This is the configuration usually employed in commercial koji production. The main drawbacks associated with this configuration are: difficulties in obtaining the product, non-uniform growth, poor heat removal and scale-up problems. Horizontal drum: This design allows adequate aeration and mixing of the substrate, whilst limiting the damag