2福利经济学基础.ppt

* Box and dimensions initially set 1st click – * Box and dimensions initially set 1st click – contract curve drawn from lower left to upper right and “The contract curve” and arrow appear * * * * Box and dimensions initially set 1st click – contract curve drawn from lower left to upper right and “The contract curve” and arrow appear * Axes and labels 1st click – Utility possibilities curve, p3 and p5 2nd click - q * Axes and labels 1st click – the arrow (speed: medium) and “Increasing social welfare” * Axes, labels, and social indifference curves 1st click – utility possibilities curve and points * * 第二讲 财政学的福利经济学基础（规范分析工具） 政府的经济活动多种多样，评价种种不同的政府行为的合理性需要有一个一般性框架。 财政学领域的大多数专家使用的评价分析框架是福利经济学。 本讲介绍福利经济学的基本内容，用以区分哪些情况市场运作自发带来理想结果，哪些情况市场无法产生理想结果。 第二讲 财政学的福利经济学基础 一、福利经济学 （ Welfare Economics） 1 Pure Economy Exchange 2 Production Economy 二、福利经济学第一基本定理 三、 公平与福利经济学第二基本定理 四、 市场失败 五、 福利经济学的局限 一、福利经济学 福利经济学: The branch of economic theory concerned with the social desirability of alternative economic state. 1.简单经济交换 （没有生产） 埃奇沃斯盒形图Edgeworth Box 帕累托效率Pareto efficient allocation: No person can be better off without making another person worse off. 帕累托改进Pareto improvement: a reallocation of resources that makes one person better off without making anyone else worse off. 契约曲线Contract curve: the locus of all the Pareto efficient points. Pareto efficiency requires that the marginal rate of substitution be equal for all consumers Edgeworth Box: A device used to depict the distribution of goods in a two good-two person world. 无差异曲线 Indifference curves in an Edgeworth Box Making Adam better off without Eve becoming worse off Making Eve better off without Adam becoming worse off Making both Adam and Eve better off Starting from a different initial point Edgeworth Box Adam Eve 0 0’ s r Apples per year Fig leaves per year Ag Eg g p1 p Ep2 Ap2 p2 p3 p4 k Contract curve: The locus of all the Pareto efficient points.(契约曲线) Edgeworth Box Ad